[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-228084-en":3,"doc-seo-228084-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},228084,687197207919,"Theodora","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000253d6f5f7c60be?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779446848396160552",8,"Research & Report","Repeated Interaction in Standard Setting - Research Discussion Paper","Standard-setting processes can turn certain patents into essential assets, creating leverage for standard-essential patent holders to demand hold-up royalties from implementers who lack substitute technologies. Real standards evolve across generations, so standard setting functions as a repeated game where participants condition actions on past hold-up. With complementary patents, technology contributors can discipline one another and keep royalties low by threatening exclusion from future rounds. The paper also analyzes how SSO decision rules affect FRAND sustainability.","Repeated Interaction in Standard Setting  \nLarouche, Pierre; Schütt, Florian  \nDocument version:  \nEarly version, also known as pre-print  \nPublication date: 2016  \nLink to publication  \nCitation for published version (APA):  \nLarouche, P. , & Schütt, F. (2016) . Repeated Interaction in Standard Setting. (CentER Discussion Paper; Vol. 2016-021) . Tilburg: Department of Economics.  \nGeneral rights  \nCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.  \n? Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research? You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain  \n? You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal  \nTake down policy  \nIf you believe that this document breaches copyright, please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.  \nDownload date: 16. jul. 2016  \nREPEATED INTERACTION IN STANDARD SETTING  \nby Pierre Larouche Florian Schuett  \nJune 9, 2016  \nTILEC Discussion Paper No. 2016-010 CentER Discussion Paper No. 2016-021  \nISSN 2213-9532  \nISSN 2213-9419  \n[http://ssrn.com/abstract=2792620](http://ssrn.com/abstract=2792620)  \nRepeated interaction in standard setting ∗  \nPierre Larouche† Florian Schuett‡  \nJune 2016  \nAbstract  \nAs part of the standard-setting process, certain patents become essential. This may allow the owners of these standard-essential patents to hold up implementers of the standard, who can no longer turn to substitute technologies. However, many real-world standards evolve over time, with several generations of standards succeeding each other. Thus, standard setting is a repeated game in which participants can condition future behavior on whether or not hold-up has occurred in the past. In the presence of complementarity between the different patents included in the standard, technology contributors have an incentive to discipline each other and keep royalties low, which can be achieved by threatening to exclude contributors who have engaged in hold-up from future rounds of the process. We show that repeated standard setting can sustain FRAND royalties provided the probability that another round of standard setting will occur is sufficiently high. We also examine how the decision-making rules of standard-setting organizations affect the sustainability of FRAND royalties.  \nKeywords: standard setting, repeated interaction, FRAND royalties  \n∗We thank Ce´dric Argenton, Jan Boone, Jay Pil Choi, Sebastian Dengler, Gaston Llanes, Noriaki Matsushima, Jeanine Miklos-Thal, Jens Pru¨fer, Markus Reisinger, Emanuele Tarantino, Bert Willems, Nicol Zingales, participants at the 2015 annual conference of the Mannheim Competition and Innovation Center (MaCCI), the 2015 EARIE conference in Munich, and seminar participants at TILEC for useful comments and suggestions. Financial support from Qualcomm Inc. is gratefully acknowledged. The research on which this paper is based was conducted in accordance with the rules set out in the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences (KNAW) Declaration of Scientific Independence. Olia Kanevskaia provided excellent research assistance. All errors are our own.  \n†TILEC and Tilburg Law School, Tilburg University. E-mail:  \n[pierre.larouche@uvt.nl](pierre.larouche@uvt.nl) .  \n‡TILEC, CentER, and Department of Economics, Tilburg University. E-mail: [f.schuett@uvt.nl](f.schuett@uvt.nl) .  \n1 Introduction  \nTechnology standards are a pervasive feature of the information and communication technology (ICT) industries. Adopting a standard can be welfareenhancing because it allows industry participants to coordinate on one of several potential solutions, thereby ","cbCaikOH6cPO8Nte","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikOH6cPO8Nte","pdf",289769,1,37,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# Introduction\n## Hold-up and FRAND commitments\n## Technological complementarities and repeated interaction","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the paper focus on in standard setting?\",\"answer\":\"The paper focuses on hold-up risk: standard-essential patent holders may charge higher royalties after adoption, even though FRAND commitments are intended to prevent it.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is standard setting modeled as a repeated game?\",\"answer\":\"Because many real-world standards evolve over time, with successive generations of standards, participants can condition future behavior on whether hold-up occurred previously.\"},{\"question\":\"How can repeated interaction help sustain FRAND royalties?\",\"answer\":\"With complementarities among patents, contributors have incentives to discipline each other by threatening exclusion from future rounds, which can keep royalties low. The probability of another round must be sufficiently high.\"}]","Repeated Interaction in Standard Setting - Research Discussion Paper | PDF",1789020133,93,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"repeated-interaction-in-standard-setting-research-discussion-paper","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/repeated-interaction-in-standard-setting-research-discussion-paper/228084/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-11","2026-09-10",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"What problem does the paper focus on in standard setting?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"The paper focuses on hold-up risk: standard-essential patent holders may charge higher royalties after adoption, even though FRAND commitments are intended to prevent it.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"Why is standard setting modeled as a repeated game?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"Because many real-world standards evolve over time, with successive generations of standards, participants can condition future behavior on whether hold-up occurred previously.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"How can repeated interaction help sustain FRAND royalties?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"With complementarities among patents, contributors have incentives to discipline each other by threatening exclusion from future rounds, which can keep royalties low. 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