[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-317795-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-317795-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","renaissance-and-reformation-the-renaissance-3","Renaissance and Reformation - The Renaissance (3)","","Renaissance and Reformation - The Renaissance (3) traces how “rebirth” ideas developed from Italy’s fifteenth century into a wider European cultural renewal. It explains the return and circulation of classical learning through Renaissance humanism, the revival of Greek scholarship, and the printing of classical texts. The text links major artistic achievements of the High Renaissance to shifts in ideals of humanity, explores political thought through Machiavelli, and connects discoveries and new scientific methods to changing views of nature and learning.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/","Literature",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/renaissance-and-reformation-the-renaissance-3/317795/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/renaissance-and-reformation-the-renaissance-3/317795.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Himbo","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-20",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"How did the concept of “renaissance” originate and spread in Europe?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The text describes its beginnings as an Italian fifteenth-century idea of “rebirth,” later extended by the French historian Jules Michelet into a broader European cultural renewal beginning earlier.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What role did classical learning and Greek scholarship play in the Renaissance?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Greek learning returned to the West after 1400 through Byzantine scholars in Italy; Greek manuscripts reached Italy after 1453, and humanists collected and helped revive classical texts.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How did the Renaissance change ideas about humanity and knowledge?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"It raised expectations for human capacity and promoted progressive self-education, while also shifting from scholastic assumptions toward empirical and experimental approaches in science and natural philosophy.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},317795,1789978025,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,91,95,100,105,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":26,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},687197100911,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000239b6f1da00475?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1785132997149421697","| RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION (3)\u003Cbr>The Renaissance |\n| --- |\n| , the painter Georgio Vasari wrote of a rinascità\u003Cbr> in Italy in the 15th century, a ‘rebirth’. The French 19th-century historian Jules Michelet extended this idea of a ‘renaissance’ from the Italian 15th century, the Quattrocento, to a general cultural renewal in western Europe beginning earlier. Michelet’s idea has proved very popular with historians.\u003Cbr>The turn towards classical models of verse began with a man whom\u003Cbr> Chaucer calls ‘Fraunceys Petrak, the lauriat poete’. On Easter Sunday 1341, Petrarch (‘Petrak’) was crowned with a wreath of laurel in Rome before Robert, King of Naples. The Renaissance revived classical cultural models, such as the laureation of poets. Greek had died out in the West, but returned after 1400 with the arrival of Byzantine scholars in Italy, who   in 1440 founded a Platonic Academy in Florence. After the Turks took Constantinople in 1453, Greek scholars brought manuscripts to Italy, Petrarch, a humanist, collected classical manuscripts. Aldus Manutius (1449-1515) printed elegant classical texts at his Aldine press in Venice. The Renaissance is sometimes called the ‘Revival of Learning’, yet the classical  texts it ‘discovered’ had survived because they had been copied into medieval manuscripts. The contrast between Renaissance learning and medieval ignorance is often exaggerated.\u003Cbr> The Renaissance spread from 15th-century Italy to France, Spain and beyond. The Northern Renaissance was, except in the Low Countries, more intellectual than artistic; it was set back by the Reformation. The art of the Italian Renaissance is today better known than its literature. The High Renaissance trio of Leonardo da Vinci, Michaelangelo Buonarotti\u003Cbr>Raffaello Sanzio (Raphael) typify its characteristics: Leo |\n|  and  nardo was a painter, an  anatomist, a scientist and inventor; Michaelangelo a sculptor, an architect, a painter and a \u003Cbr>|\n| poet; and Raphael’s paintings in the Vatican gave classic form to the long flowering of Italian   art \u003Cbr>|\n| The change from medieval to Renaissance was at first more formal than substantial; literature changed less than art and architecture, although the content of all three remained Christian. Celebrated icons of the High Renaissance are Michaelangelo’s gigantic David in  Florence, his central design for St Peter’s Basilica in Rome, and its Sistine Chapel. In Italy the Renaissance had intellectual origins, drawing on the study of Plato (c.427-348 BC) and his followers. It also found civic expression in the Florence of the Medici and the Rome of Leo X (Pope 1513-21), as well as many smaller city-states.\u003Cbr>Expectations |\n\nIn 1550 in the arts in his native Florence and  \n.  \n| The Renaissance held a higher and more heroic idea of human capacity than had been allowed for by the ascetic side of medieval thought. Pico delta Mirandola’s Of the Dignity of Man (1486) emphasizes the human capacity to ascend the Platonic scale of creation, attaining a heavenly state through a progressive self-education and self-fashioning; his idea of the perfectibility of Man was Christian. The sculpture of Michaelangelo is neither nobler nor more beautiful than the French romanesque of Moissac or the French Gothic of Chartres, but its pride in naked physical beauty, though based on classical models, is new. His youthful David is a giant superman in comparison with human figures in medieval art.\u003Cbr>Ambition is a theme of the drama of Christopher Marlowe (1564-93): his |\n| --- |\n| Dr Faustus scorn conventional norms though they overreach |\n|  and fall. Marlowe was fascinated also by The Prince (1513) , in which Machiavelli (1469- 1527) had anatomized the cynical means by which Cesare Borgia had kept power. Machiavelli advises the Prince to be feared rather than loved. His failure to condemn shocked and fascinated the English subjects of Henry VIII; his moral irony went unnoticed.\u003Cbr>Investigations\u003Cbr>Contemporary with the Renais","cbCaihbk8lB9gq5q","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihbk8lB9gq5q","pdf",538995,15,"English","# The Renaissance\n## Origins of the idea of “rebirth”\n## Classical models and the revival of learning\n## Spread across Europe and artistic vs intellectual change\n## Humanist ideals, politics, drama, and early science","[{\"question\":\"How did the concept of “renaissance” originate and spread in Europe?\",\"answer\":\"The text describes its beginnings as an Italian fifteenth-century idea of “rebirth,” later extended by the French historian Jules Michelet into a broader European cultural renewal beginning earlier.\"},{\"question\":\"What role did classical learning and Greek scholarship play in the Renaissance?\",\"answer\":\"Greek learning returned to the West after 1400 through Byzantine scholars in Italy; Greek manuscripts reached Italy after 1453, and humanists collected and helped revive classical texts.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the Renaissance change ideas about humanity and knowledge?\",\"answer\":\"It raised expectations for human capacity and promoted progressive self-education, while also shifting from scholastic assumptions toward empirical and experimental approaches in science and natural philosophy.\"}]","Renaissance and Reformation - The Renaissance (3) | PDF",1789938676,23]