[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-detail-417038-en":59,"doc-seo-417038-105":80},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":60},{"doc_id":61,"user_id":62,"nickname":63,"user_avatar":64,"doc_module":4,"category_id":44,"category_name":45,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":66,"doc_content":67,"file_id":68,"file_url":69,"file_type":70,"file_size":71,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":72,"language_code":73,"site_id":74,"html_lang":73,"table_of_contents":75,"faqs":76,"seo_title":77,"seo_description":66,"update_tm":78,"read_time":79},417038,962085320529,"Sarah ","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Religious Student May Receive Vocational Assistance, High Court Says - January 28, 1986","January 28, 1986 reports the U.S. Supreme Court’s unanimous ruling in Witters v. Washington Department of Services for the Blind. Larry Witters, denied vocational aid due to a religious career plan, was allowed to receive funds because Washington’s program finances students’ chosen education rather than specifically religious instruction. The decision explains limits on direct subsidies while emphasizing neutrality, independent recipient choice, and a secular program purpose. The case was remanded to assess the stricter Washington constitution standards.","Tuesday,January 28,1986  \nRELIGIOUS STUDENT MAY RECEIVE VOCATIONAL ASSISTANCE,HIGH COURT SAYS  \nThe U.S.Supreme Court yesterday used the case of a ministry student applyingfor tuition aid to reaffirm that the federal Constitution is not necessarilyviolated every time state education money finds its way to a religious institu-tion.  \nLarry Witters,who was denied aid from a vocational education program for theblind because he was preparing for a religious career,may receive the fundswithout offending the U.S.Constitution as far as the evidence presented in thecase shows,the Court ruled unanimously in Witters v.Washington Department ofServices for the Blind(54 U.SL.W.3343)。  \nAiding Witters would not offend the Constitution,Justice Thurgood Marshallwrote for the Court,because Washington state's vocational rehabilitation pro-gram was created to finance the education students choose to pursue,not tosupport specifically religious education.  \nEducation Secretary William Bennett applauded the ruling.\"The court's reason-ing is heartening for the type of initiatives that are being launched all overthe country to foster educational choice for parents and students including thedepartment's own proposal on educational vouchers,\"which would let disadvan-taged elementary pup1ls receive remedial classes at any school.  \nAdministration attorneys had argued the case threatened religious students re-ceiving aid under the Pell Grant and other programs(HED,Nov.8,1985)  \nDecision Lauded      \"The impact,I think,is tremendous,\"said Witters'at-torney,Michael Farris,\"especlally with the American Civil Liberties Unionparticipating against us in the case.\"Opposition to letting Witters partici-pate in the program \"was an attempt to create a new theory of [constitutional]separation--beyond separation of church and state to separation of the reli-gious individual from the state.\"  \n\"That idea met a Chicago Bears-like defeat”in the Court's unanimous decision,Farris claimed.  \nHowever,the High Court sent the case back to the Washington Supreme Court,observing that \"the state court is of course free to consider the applicabilityof the'far stricter'dictates of the Washington state constitution.\"  \nUnder Washington's Constitution,no public money is to be applied to any re-ligious instruction,a higher barrier than the U.S.Constitution erects.  \n(more)  \nJanuary 28,1986  \nBut,even so,said Farris,\"We count it as victory.I'm surprised and pleasedthat Justice Marshall,\"who is considered a liberal on the Court,\"wrote theopinion,I think it adds strength and credence to our case.\".  \nWitters applied for the financial assistance in 1979 but was turned down at theadministrative and lower court levels on state constitutional grounds,not onthe basis of the U.s.Constitution.When its turn came,Washington's highestcourt also denied Witters the aid,but on federal rather than state constitu-tional grounds.  \nBut the High Court yesterday observed,\"It is wel1-settled that the Establish-ment Clause is not violated every time money previously in the possession of aState is conveyed to a religious institution.”The government cannot preventpublic employees from donating their paychecks to religious causes,for in-stance,Marshall wrote.  \nDirect Subsidies ProhibitedOn the other hand,states cannot make any-thing amounting to a \"direct subsidy\"to a religious school,Marshall noted,referring to last year's Grand Rapids v.Ball(53 U.SL.W.5006)ruling,whichended a program that had public school teachers provide enrichment to parochialschool students.  \nDeciding which of those opposite situations applied in Witters,Marshall saidthe specific facts of the Washington program were\"central to our inquiry.\"  \nCrucially,Washington's program provides vocational assistance\"directly to the[handicapped vocational]student,who transmits it to the educational institu-tion of his or her choice,\"Marshall wrote.Any money that makes its way to areligious institution\"does so only as a result of the genuinely ind","cbCaic2zS6lAZMVs","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaic2zS6lAZMVs","pdf",1782069,"English","en",105,"# Religious Student May Receive Vocational Assistance, High Court Says\n## Unanimous ruling and constitutional basis\n## Neutrality, independent choice, and secular purpose\n## Direct subsidy limits and remand for state standards","[{\"question\":\"Why did Larry Witters seek vocational assistance?\",\"answer\":\"He applied for tuition aid for a vocational education program for the blind while preparing for a religious career.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the Supreme Court say about the Establishment Clause in this case?\",\"answer\":\"The Court held that the Establishment Clause is not violated every time money previously held by a state is conveyed to a religious institution.\"},{\"question\":\"Why was the case sent back to the Washington Supreme Court?\",\"answer\":\"The High Court remanded it to consider the applicability of the stricter Washington state constitutional dictates.\"}]","Religious Student May Receive Vocational Assistance, High Court Says - January 28, 1986 | 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