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Campomanes","","Reinscriptions of the 1899 U.S.-Philippine War in Filipino American Fiction examines how Filipino-American writers use fiction to intervene in the historiography of the 1899 war, shaped by U.S. imperialism and Philippine neo/colonial modernity. Through analyses spanning works such as Ninotchka Rosca’s State of War and Jessica Hagedorn’s Dogeaters, the study argues that these narratives allegorize and localize the colonial encounter, spotlighting marginalized details like African American soldiers and the ambivalence of “antiimperialist” Americans. It further explores how naming and titling operate as major marginal forms of reinscription by reframing questions of solidarity and empathy across polarized local belligerents while engaging war memories and the relation between fictionality and history’s historicity.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":15,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/reinscriptions-of-the-1899-us-philippine-war-in-filipino-american-fiction-oscar-v-campomanes/503812/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/reinscriptions-of-the-1899-us-philippine-war-in-filipino-american-fiction-oscar-v-campomanes/503812.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aldword","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-18","2026-10-03",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does “reinscription” mean in this work?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It refers to how fiction-making power is used by certain Filipina-American writers to intervene in the historiography of the 1899 U.S.-Philippine War and its role in U.S. imperialism and Philippine neo/colonial modernity.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which kinds of historical marginalities do the fictional narratives highlight?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"They draw attention to more minor or marginal aspects of the event, such as the deployment of African American soldiers (including defections to Aguinaldo-led resistance) and the ambivalence of some Americans toward the imperialist project.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How do these narratives influence readers’ possibilities for solidarity and empathy?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"By using a fictional yet historiographic lens that reframes the war’s key divisions, readers are invited to imagine solidarity and empathy across sharp polarizations among “local” belligerents that official accounts often emphasize.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},503812,1791368815,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":14,"category_name":15,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},2336478940917,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Reinscriptions of the 1899  \nU.S.-Philippine War in Filipino American Fiction  \nOscar V. Campomanes  \nI  \nn a future and further development of this project,* I seek to discuss characteristic forms of reinscription of the 1899 U.S.-Philippine War in a range of Filipino American texts, from Ninotchka Rosca’s historical novel State of War and Jessica  \nHagedorn’s Dogeaters to a little-noticed story by Cecilia ManguerraBrainard,“The BlackMan in the Forest”(I had originally intended to train the focus on Brainard’s text in this essay, but have shifted it, for now, to Linda Ty-Casper’s novella Ten Thousand Seeds). By “reinscription” here I simply mean the use of the medium and power of fiction-making by certain Filipina-American writers to intervene in the historiography of a major event in the birthing of U.S. imperialism and Philippine neo/colonial modernity: the 1899 U.S.-Philippine War (which historians now periodize as extending beyond the 1902 termination date prescribed by official and U.S. imperialist historiography on this event and the “Benevolent Assimilation” of the Philippines by the United States, as its first and major colony, to which this war of American conquest and Filipino resistance ultimately led).  \nFirst, I make the point that the 1898-99 colonial encounter between the Philippines as an emergent nation and the U.S. as a New Empire on the rise, which escalates into one of the bloodiest conflicts in the annals of modern colonialism (and becomes the object of a reciprocal amnesiac  \npolitics and the subterranean persistence of popular memory concerning its key events and agents in both countries) is both “allegorized” and “localized”in these fictional narratives (in the case of Brainard’s story, for example: in the fateful encounter between a band of starving Filipino guerillas and a straggling African American soldier in an imagined jungle setting typifying the theater of war associated with this conflict; with Ty-Casper’s novella: in the quest of an American colonial-prospecting couple, the Rowbothams, to find their way clearly through the thickets of the conflict in the Philippines, on the trail of the American expeditionary and occupation forces, and as they engage/encounter their assertive Others/natives).2 Second, I show how the fictional yet patently historiographic lens through which these narratives sieve a major historical event for its more marginal or minor aspects (such as the historic deployment of African American soldiers, some of whom eventually defected to the Aguinaldo-led guerrilla resistance, a neglected aspect of the history that Brainard’s text speaks to; and the vaunted ambivalence of Americans of the time—for example, those tagged as “antiimperialist”—about their otherwise unconsidered identification with an imperialist project, an aspect of this history that Ty-Casper obliquely alludes to) functions to help readers imagine potential kinds of solidarity and empathy across the sharp polarizations among “local” belligerents of this war (polarizations that official and professional historical accounts tend to foster in often depicting the U.S.-Philippine conflict in broad imperialist/nationalist strokes). I hope to conclude, in a later and more elaborated version, with the critical point that the creative allegoresis and localization of the War accomplished by these narratives, each in its own turn (and chosen angles of vision, again here, focally, in Ty-Casper’s case), significantly refigure some of the questions most often debated but never quite radically addressed by theoretical discussions of the fictionality of history and the historicity of fiction, especially when considered in the context of war/s and war “memories.”  \nNaming and “Titling” as Marginal yet Major Forms of Reinscription  \n“What do you want from this poor country of ours when yours is sobig and rich? Why will your President not receive SeñorAgoncillo whom our President sent to tell him about our aspirations?” These wo","cbCaieMUl0K8uLjU","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieMUl0K8uLjU","pdf",218153,15,"English","# Reinscriptions of the 1899 U.S.-Philippine War in Filipino American Fiction\n## Naming and \"Titling\" as Marginal yet Major Forms of Reinscription","[{\"question\":\"What does “reinscription” mean in this work?\",\"answer\":\"It refers to how fiction-making power is used by certain Filipina-American writers to intervene in the historiography of the 1899 U.S.-Philippine War and its role in U.S. imperialism and Philippine neo/colonial modernity.\"},{\"question\":\"Which kinds of historical marginalities do the fictional narratives highlight?\",\"answer\":\"They draw attention to more minor or marginal aspects of the event, such as the deployment of African American soldiers (including defections to Aguinaldo-led resistance) and the ambivalence of some Americans toward the imperialist project.\"},{\"question\":\"How do these narratives influence readers’ possibilities for solidarity and empathy?\",\"answer\":\"By using a fictional yet historiographic lens that reframes the war’s key divisions, readers are invited to imagine solidarity and empathy across sharp polarizations among “local” belligerents that official accounts often emphasize.\"}]","Reinscriptions of the 1899 U.S.-Philippine War in Filipino American Fiction - Oscar V. Campomanes | PDF",1791060598,23]