[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-663019-105":59,"doc-detail-663019-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","reinforcing-steel-chapter-4-section-419","Reinforcing Steel - Chapter 4 - Section 4.19","","Reinforcing steel provides tensile resistance by embedding steel bars or wires within concrete, while also controlling strain and cracking caused by temperature and shrinkage. The section explains typical reinforcement forms (deformed bars, smooth wires in welded wire fabric) and key design parameters such as bar size ranges, yield strengths for straight bars, ties, and stirrups, and minimum concrete cover for corrosion protection. It further details Bridge Program drawing identification via bar marks, standard designators for structural units, and billing/spacing rules used to determine required bar quantities.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/reinforcing-steel-chapter-4-section-419/663019/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/reinforcing-steel-chapter-4-section-419/663019.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Chumphorn","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is reinforcing steel embedded in concrete?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Concrete has low tensile strength, so reinforcing steel resists applied loads that cause tension. It also controls strain and helps limit cracking from temperature and shrinkage while distributing loads among reinforcement.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What reinforcement types are described in the section?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The section covers deformed bars, smooth bars used in welded wire fabric, and welded wire fabric itself as a grid of uniformly spaced wires welded at intersections. It also distinguishes straight versus bent bars such as ties and stirrups.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How are reinforcing bars identified on Bridge Program drawings?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Reinforcing steel is identified using bar marks that indicate bar size and length for straight bars, and bar size, structural unit, and a unique number for bent bars. Standard letters designate structural units such as abutment, approach slab, pier/bent, box culvert, girder, barrier rail, slab, and retaining wall.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},663019,1793224527,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":56,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":143},2336475401981,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c94efd8d5204d?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786935347598174694","Section 4.19 – Reinforcing Steel  \nIntroduction  \nReinforcing Steel Types  \nGeneral Design and Detail Information  \nChapter 4  \nBridge Program Drawings  \nSection 4.19-Reinforcing Steel  \nBecause concrete has a low tensile strength, reinforcing steel is embedded in the concrete to resist the applied loads causing tension. Compressive reinforcing steel can be used in beams and columns to reduce the size of these members. In addition, reinforcing steel can control strain and subsequent concrete cracking from temperature and shrinkage and distribute applied loads to other reinforcing steel.  \nReinforcing steel is in the form of bars or wires whose surface maybe coated, smooth, or deformed. Deformed bars are generally used because they produce better bond with the concrete due to the raised patterns on the steel. Smooth bars are generally used in welded wire fabric.  \nDEFORMED BARS range in diameter from ⅜ \" to 2¼\". Bar sizes are designated by a number, which is approximately eight times the bar diameter. The most commonly used bars are No. 4 through No. 11 bars, with No. 3 bars being limited to use as spiral reinforcing in columns. Straight reinforcing steel shall have yield strength of 60,000 psi (Grade 60) . Ties and stirrups generally require minimum yield strength of 40,000 psi (Grade 40), although yield strength of 60,000 psi may be specified.  \nWELDED WIRE FABRIC consists of a rectangular grid of uniformly spaced smooth wires, welded at their intersections. Welded wire fabric offers fast and easy field placement.  \nREINFORCING STEEL COVER refers to the clear distance from the concrete surface to the face of the reinforcing steel. Minimum clearances must be maintained to protect the reinforcing steel from corrosion and to allow for proper concrete placement. Concrete cover to the face of reinforcing steel shall be 2\" unless noted. It is not necessary to provide any cover from an internal construction joint. The end of the bar may be placed against or rest  \n4.19-1 Apr 2007  \nSection 4.19 – Reinforcing Steel  \non the joint. Other exceptions include the following.  \nCurb, sidewalk, and barrier rail 1\"  \ncontraction joint  \nDrilled hole to face of reinforcing 1\"  \nBridge decks-top of deck 2½\"  \n-bottom of deck 1\"  \nCurbs and sidewalks-top and sides  \nBridge barrier rail-sides 1½\"  \nAny concrete surface resting on or placed against earth  \n-bottom of spread footing  \n-bottom of bottom slab of culvert  \n-bottom of abutment wingwall  \n-bottom of drilled shafts  \nT-girder and box girder webs-bottom face and sides Bottom slab of box girder-top and bottom faces Column-diameter \u003C 48\"  \nBottom of approach slabs Bottom of slope paving  \nDrilled shaft foundation, side clearance  \n3\"  \n3\"  \n3\"  \n0\"  \n1½\"  \n3\" (Min)  \nConcrete cover on precast concrete sections shall conform to AASHTO requirements.  \nReinforcing steel is identified on the Bridge Program drawings by BAR MARKS. Bar marks identify each bar by designating the bar size and length in the case of a straight bar and the bar size, structural unit, and unique number for a specific unit of the structure for bent bars. The unique number for each specific unit shall be numbered consecutively.  \nStraight bars are marked as follows.  \nMark ASTM Bar Size Length  \n405-10 No. 4 5'-10\"  \n817-3 No. 8 17'-3\"  \n1025-6 No. 10 25'-6\"  \nBent bars (ties, stirrups, cranks, etc,) are marked as follows.  \n4.19-2 Apr 2007  \nSection 4.19 – Reinforcing Steel  \nMark  \n4B4 (Tie) 7A3 (Stirrup) 5S1  \nSpiral 3B3  \nASTM Bar Size  \nNo. 4  \nNo. 7  \nNo. 5  \nNo. 3  \nDesignation  \nB4 A3 SIB3  \nThe following letters shall be used as standard designators for each structural unit.  \nA: Abutment  \nAS: Approach Slab  \nB: Bent/Pier  \nC: Reinforced Concrete Box Culvert  \nG: Concrete Girder  \nR: Concrete Bridge Barrier Rail  \nS: Slab  \nW: Retaining Wall  \nWhen the word TIE or STIRRUP follows a bent bar designation, it refers to the type of bent bar. Closed bent bars should be designated as ties, while open bent bars should ","cbCaidk1vlmhvsbh","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidk1vlmhvsbh","pdf",1083923,"English","# Section 4.19 - Reinforcing Steel\n## Introduction\n## Reinforcing Steel Types\n## General Design and Detail Information\n## Bridge Program Drawings","[{\"question\":\"Why is reinforcing steel embedded in concrete?\",\"answer\":\"Concrete has low tensile strength, so reinforcing steel resists applied loads that cause tension. It also controls strain and helps limit cracking from temperature and shrinkage while distributing loads among reinforcement.\"},{\"question\":\"What reinforcement types are described in the section?\",\"answer\":\"The section covers deformed bars, smooth bars used in welded wire fabric, and welded wire fabric itself as a grid of uniformly spaced wires welded at intersections. It also distinguishes straight versus bent bars such as ties and stirrups.\"},{\"question\":\"How are reinforcing bars identified on Bridge Program drawings?\",\"answer\":\"Reinforcing steel is identified using bar marks that indicate bar size and length for straight bars, and bar size, structural unit, and a unique number for bent bars. Standard letters designate structural units such as abutment, approach slab, pier/bent, box culvert, girder, barrier rail, slab, and retaining wall.\"}]","Reinforcing Steel - Chapter 4 - Section 4.19 | PDF",48]