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Fifteen adult dry basilar skulls were measured at 1-cm intervals on both sides using a digital micrometer by three observers, with reliability assessed by two-way random-effects ICC. Results analyze 2,235 measurements and show region-dependent thickness patterns and high consistency; findings support teaching, safe surgical access, radiologic localization, and forensic analysis.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/regional-variation-in-skull-thickness-along-a-horizontal-plane-implications-for-neuroanatomy-teaching-neurosurgery-radiology-and-forensic-analysis/437371/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/regional-variation-in-skull-thickness-along-a-horizontal-plane-implications-for-neuroanatomy-teaching-neurosurgery-radiology-and-forensic-analysis/437371.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"supergirl","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What horizontal plane and landmarks does the study use for skull thickness measurement?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"The plane passes 2 cm above the highest points of the left and right supraorbital margins anteriorly and the external occipital protuberance posteriorly.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"How were skull thickness measurements collected and analyzed?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"Fifteen adult dry basilar skulls were measured at 1-cm intervals between anterior and posterior midlines on both sides using a digital micrometer by three independent observers, with mean values used for analysis.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"What measurement reliability did the study report?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"Inter-observer reliability was evaluated using a two-way random-effects intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), with ICC exceeding 0.9 for over 80% of measurements.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},437371,1790721716,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":36},962088121634,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Review began 11/24/2025  \nReview ended 11/28/2025  \nPublished 12/04/2025  \n© Copyright 2025  \nGupta et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0. , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited.  \nDOI: 10.7759/cureus.98489  \nOpen Access Original Article  \nRegional Variation in Skull Thickness Along a Horizontal Plane: Implications for Neuroanatomy Teaching, Neurosurgery, Radiology and Forensic Analysis  \nChandan Lal Gupta 1, Shyamalendu Medda 2, Subhash Bhukya 1 , Paramita Mukhopadhyay 3, Anirban Das Gupta 1, Biswabina Ray 1, Vineet Kumar Kamal 4  \n1. Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, Kalyani, IND 2. Anatomy, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, IND 3. Anatomy, Raiganj Government Medical College and Hospital, Raiganj, IND 4. Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, Kalyani, IND  \nCorresponding author: Chandan Lal Gupta, [clgtheboss@gmail.com](clgtheboss@gmail.com)  \nAbstract  \nObjective  \nTo quantify skull thickness variation at a horizontal plane passing 2 cm above the highest points of the left and right supraorbital margins anteriorly and the external occipital protuberance posteriorly and to propose a standardized six-region classification for cranial margins.  \nMethods  \nFifteen adult dry basilar skulls from four publicly funded medical institutions in Eastern India were studied. The skull margin at the defined plane was marked at 1-cm intervals between the anterior and posterior midlines on both sides. Thickness was measured using a digital micrometer by three independent observers, with mean values used for analysis. The margin was divided into six regions per side: anteromedial (AM), anterolateral (AL), lateral anterior (LA), lateral posterior (LP), posterolateral (PL), and posteromedial (PM) . Inter-observer reliability was assessed using a two-way random-effects intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) . All statistical analyses were performed using Stata v18.  \nResults  \nA total of 2,235 measurements were analyzed. Thickness decreased from AM to LA regions and then increased toward the PM region. The LA region was thinnest (left=3 .144±0.286 mm; right=3 .234±0.809 mm), while the PM region was thickest (left=10 .638± 1.661 mm; right=11 .266± 1.659 mm) . ICC exceeded 0.9 for over 80% of measurements, confirming high measurement consistency.  \nConclusions  \nThis study establishes a reproducible six-region classification and provides precise morphometric data along a clinically important horizontal plane. Apart from its use in cranium sectioning in cadavers, the findings can guide safe neurosurgical entry points, improve radiological lesion localization, and support forensic cranial analysis.  \nCategories: Forensic Medicine, Anatomy, Neurosurgery  \nKeywords: burr hole craniotomy, cranium sectioning, ct scan head, forensic anthropology, neuroanatomy, skull thickness  \nIntroduction  \nThe anatomical exploration of the human brain and its protective meninges is a fundamental aspect of medical education within the field of neuroanatomy. Traditionally, the exposure of these structures in cadavers has been achieved through a specific transverse sectioning of the skull, following a cruciate incision of the scalp and reflection of the four resultant flaps to their respective quadrants (left anterior, right anterior, right posterior, and left posterior) . The precise plane for cranium sectioning has been debated and varies according to different dissection manuals. Cunningham’s manual suggests a plane not exceeding 1 cm above the orbital margins and external occipital protuberance [1], while Grant ’s Dissector advocates a plane 2 cm superior to the supraorbital margin, extending posteriorly across the external occipital protuberance [2] . The technique involves the use of a manual saw to cut","cbCailPeGcp2sHgS","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailPeGcp2sHgS","pdf",8117531,16,"English","# Abstract\n## Objective\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusions\n# Introduction\n# How to cite this article","[{\"question\":\"What horizontal plane and landmarks does the study use for skull thickness measurement?\",\"answer\":\"The plane passes 2 cm above the highest points of the left and right supraorbital margins anteriorly and the external occipital protuberance posteriorly.\"},{\"question\":\"How were skull thickness measurements collected and analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"Fifteen adult dry basilar skulls were measured at 1-cm intervals between anterior and posterior midlines on both sides using a digital micrometer by three independent observers, with mean values used for analysis.\"},{\"question\":\"What measurement reliability did the study report?\",\"answer\":\"Inter-observer reliability was evaluated using a two-way random-effects intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), with ICC exceeding 0.9 for over 80% of measurements.\"}]","Regional Variation in Skull Thickness Along a Horizontal Plane - Implications for Neuroanatomy Teaching, Neurosurgery, Radiology and Forensic Analysis | PDF",1790681357]