[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-113507-en":3,"doc-seo-113507-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},113507,687197207919,"Theodora","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000253d6f5f7c60be?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779446848396160552",8,"Research & Report","Regional Electricity Trade for Hydropower Development in South Asia","This study assesses the value of strengthening cross-border transmission interconnections and regional electricity trade to advance hydropower in South Asia. The analysis evaluates hydropower development and trade potential under alternative policy and market scenarios. Results indicate regional electricity trade is essential to utilize untapped hydropower resources across the region. Hydropower capacity is estimated to rise by 2.7 times over the next two decades with a regional electricity market, and to increase to more than three times current levels when a moderate carbon tax is added.","Public Disc losure Authorized  \nAUTHOR ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT  \nFINAL PUBLICATION INFORMATION  \nRegional Electricity Trade for Hydropower  \nThe definitive version of the text was subsequently published in  \nInternational Journal of Water Resources Development, 37(3), 2021-05  \nPublished by Taylor and Francis and found at [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2018.1515065](http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2018.1515065)  \nPub lic Disc losure Authorized  \nTHE FINAL PUBLISHED VERSION OF THIS MANUSCRIPT IS AVAILABLE ON THE PUBLISHER’S PLATFORM  \nThis Author Accepted Manuscript is copyrighted by World Bank and published by Taylor and Francis. It is posted here by agreement between them. Changes resulting from the publishing process—such as editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms—may not be reflected in this version of the text.  \nYou may download, copy, and distribute this Author Accepted Manuscript for noncommercial purposes. Your license is limited by the following restrictions:  \n(1) You may use this Author Accepted Manuscript for noncommercial purposes only under a CC BY-NC-ND  \n3.0 IGO license [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo).  \n(2) The integrity of the work and identification of the author, copyright owner, and publisher must be preserved in any copy.  \n(3) You must attribute this Author Accepted Manuscript in the following format: This is an Author Accepted Manuscript by Timilsina, Govinda R. Regional Electricity Trade for Hydropower © World Bank, published in the International Journal of Water Resources Development37(3) 2021-05 CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO [http://](http://)[ ](http://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo](creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo) [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2018.1515065](http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2018.1515065)  \n© 2021 World Bank  \nRegional Electricity Trade for Hydropower Development in South  \nAsia  \nGovinda R. Timilsina  \nSenior Research Economist, Development Research Group, World Bank,  \nWashington, DC. E-mail: [gtimilsina@worldbank.org](gtimilsina@worldbank.org)  \nAbstract  \nThis study examines the importance of enhancing the cross-border transmission interconnectionsand regional electricity trade to promote hydropower in the South Asia region and quantifies the potential of hydropower development and trade under alternative scenarios. It shows that regional electricity trade is critical for the exploitation of the untapped hydropower resources in South Asia. It finds that hydropower capacity would increase by 2.7 times over the next two decades if a regional electricity market is developed. Ifa moderate carbon tax is added on top ofit, hydropower capacity would be more than three times higher from the current level.  \nKey Words: Hydropower, South Asia, Cross-border transmission interconnection, Regional electricity trade, Power sector  \nRegional Electricity Trade for Hydropower Development in South Asia  \nIntroduction  \nThe South Asia Region (SAR)i has for some time confronted several challenges affecting its national electricity systems. Electricity supplies have not kept pace with demand growth, leading to long daily outages as well as frequent unplanned interruptions. These conditions impose hardships on households and businesses, and discourage new business investment in the economy, as well as impeding extension of service to the many millions in the region still without access to grid-supplied electricity. They also stimulate use of often-inefficient and highly costly alternative power sources, notably diesel generators operated both on the grid and by end-users. In addition, pressures to hold electricity prices for end-users below costs, and difficulties in collecting tariffs, have put many electricity generators and distributors in serious financial stress. This further degrades service quality by undercutting incentives for maintenance and","cbCaik3708R7LSd8","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaik3708R7LSd8","pdf",307547,1,31,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Electricity system challenges in South Asia\n## Hydropower resource potential and benefits\n## Current status and limits of regional electricity trade\n## Expected impacts of cross-border transmission expansion","[{\"question\":\"What is the main focus of the study on hydropower in South Asia?\",\"answer\":\"The study examines how enhancing cross-border transmission interconnections and regional electricity trade can promote hydropower development in the South Asia region.\"},{\"question\":\"How does developing a regional electricity market affect hydropower capacity?\",\"answer\":\"The study estimates hydropower capacity would increase by 2.7 times over the next two decades if a regional electricity market is developed.\"},{\"question\":\"What additional effect does a moderate carbon tax have in the study scenarios?\",\"answer\":\"With a moderate carbon tax added, hydropower capacity is projected to be more than three times the current 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