[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-582994-105":59,"doc-detail-582994-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","reform-and-reaction-the-politics-of-modern-higher-education-policy-june-2024","REFORM AND REACTION: The Politics of Modern Higher Education Policy - June 2024","","An ongoing debate in education policy contrasts a “reform” agenda in K-12—charter schools and school vouchers—against advocates of traditional public schools led by educator unions. A similar divide has emerged in higher education, especially community colleges. Using California as an example, the paper traces how the political split evolved between the “completion and success” agenda and faculty-led opponents, explains claims and priorities by major organizations on each side, and argues limited areas of mutual agreement. It concludes with future policy considerations that could complicate reform efforts.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/reform-and-reaction-the-politics-of-modern-higher-education-policy-june-2024/582994/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/reform-and-reaction-the-politics-of-modern-higher-education-policy-june-2024/582994.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Rhys","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the central political divide the paper analyzes in higher education policy?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The paper analyzes the divide between a reform agenda led by philanthropic foundations—supported by wealthy individuals and corporations—and opposition concerns raised largely by faculty unions and advocacy groups, particularly in community colleges.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the paper use California in its analysis?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It uses California as a case study to summarize the history and growth of community colleges, describe how philanthropic foundations promote reform, and discuss backlash from community college faculty groups.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What areas of agreement does the paper identify between the two sides?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It notes policy areas where both reform advocates and faculty groups share mutual agreement, including proposals for new state investment in students’ basic needs and expansion of financial aid.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},582994,1792209430,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},687207024643,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","UC Berkeley  \nResearch and Occasional Papers Series  \nTitle  \nREFORM AND REACTION: The Politics of Modern Higher Education Policy  \nPermalink  \n[https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9vb7h8xc](https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9vb7h8xc)  \nAuthor  \nO'Brien, David  \nPublication Date  \n2024-06-07  \nPeer reviewed  \n[eScholarship.org](eScholarship.org) Powered by the California Digital Library  \nUniversity of California  \nResearch & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.7.2023  \nREFORM AND REACTION:  \nThe Politics of Modern Higher Education Policy  \nJune 2024  \nDavid O’Brien*  \nCalifornia State University, Sacramento  \nCopyright 2024 David O’Brien, all rights reserved.  \nABSTRACT  \nAn ongoing debate in K-12 education policy has been between the “reform” agenda, including charter schools and school vouchers, and advocates of traditional public schools, led by educator unions. A similar split has emerged in higher education, particularly community colleges. Using California as an example, this paper: 1) summarizes the evolution of the current political divide between advocates of the “completion and success” agenda and faculty-led opponents, including the major reforms involved, 2) discusses the claims that leading organizations on each side have made, including their policy priorities, and 3) argues that the two sides share do share some areas of mutual agreement. The paper concludes by noting future policy considerations that could complicate reform efforts.  \nKeywords: community colleges, higher education, education policy, education reform, philanthropy  \nINTRODUCTION  \nOne of the prevailing debates in education policy in the 21st century has taken place among so-called education “reformers,” including those who advocate for charter schools, and/or school vouchers, and opponents who instead favor stronger funding of traditional public schools (Jason, 2017; Morabito, 2022) . Some of the most prominent backers of the education reform movement include philanthropic foundations funded largely by extremely wealthy individuals and corporations, such as Microsoft founder Bill Gates (Ho, 2018) . Advocates of funding traditional public schools, often led by teachers’ unions, criticize both charter schools and vouchers as representing “privatization” of public education by for-profit interests (Flannery, 2020) .  \nEven where such reform advocates do not explicitly focus on charter schools or vouchers, the involvement of so-called “philanthro-capitalists”(a term that will be revisited later) has come under fire: “as the private sector plays an ever-larger role in public institutions, like public education, it erodes the primacy of the state”(Schwab, 2023, p. 217) . The debate has polarized not just policymakers and educators but the public as well; a 2019 survey showed that Californians were nearly evenly split on the issue of charter schools, with 49% supporting charters and 46% opposing (Dykman, 2019) . Indeed, the debate about “school choice”(as it is often called by proponents) has grown so heated that multiple politicians and leading philanthropists have called it “the civil rights issue of our time”(Education Next, 2022; Klein & Ujifusa, 2017) .  \n* David O’Brien is a student in the Public Policy and Administration Program at California State University, Sacramento. Please direct all inquiries to obriendavid[at][gmail.com](gmail.com).  \nA policy debate with a very similar divide has been taking place, albeit with much less public attention, in higher education policy, most notably community colleges, in recent years. Much like the K-12 debate over “school choice” versus traditional public schools, the higher education debate pits a reform agenda led by philanthropic foundations (and funded by wealthy individuals and/or corporations, including the aforementioned Gates) against a myriad of concerns and opposition raised in large part by faculty unionsand advocacy groups. This debate has been especially pitched with regards to community colleges, wher","cbCaidx00IbE16ky","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidx00IbE16ky","pdf",497199,15,"English","# Introduction\n# History and Growth of Community Colleges","[{\"question\":\"What is the central political divide the paper analyzes in higher education policy?\",\"answer\":\"The paper analyzes the divide between a reform agenda led by philanthropic foundations—supported by wealthy individuals and corporations—and opposition concerns raised largely by faculty unions and advocacy groups, particularly in community colleges.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the paper use California in its analysis?\",\"answer\":\"It uses California as a case study to summarize the history and growth of community colleges, describe how philanthropic foundations promote reform, and discuss backlash from community college faculty groups.\"},{\"question\":\"What areas of agreement does the paper identify between the two sides?\",\"answer\":\"It notes policy areas where both reform advocates and faculty groups share mutual agreement, including proposals for new state investment in students’ basic needs and expansion of financial aid.\"}]","REFORM AND REACTION: The Politics of Modern Higher Education Policy - June 2024 | PDF",1792045275,38]