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Manga is presented as a force shaping popular culture, the economy, and the construction of identities and subcultures. The text highlights manga’s role in emotional expression and social reflection, supporting intercultural dialogue. It further treats manga as ethical and political instruments in social scenarios, engaging underexplored themes including gender, technology, and cyborgs.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/reflections-on-sahoesaenghwal-e-daehae-an-approach-to-japanese-manga-as-a-mirror-of-social-structure/135633/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/reflections-on-sahoesaenghwal-e-daehae-an-approach-to-japanese-manga-as-a-mirror-of-social-structure/135633.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Theodora","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-18","2026-08-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What does “Sahoesaenghwal-e daehae” refer to in the article?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It translates to “On Social Life” and functions as the central theme connecting manga to reflections on society.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the article describe manga’s impact on society?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Manga is linked to shaping popular culture, influencing the economy, and supporting identity formation and subcultures.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Which theorists are used to analyze manga and what is the focus?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The article highlights Hiroki Azuma’s “otaku” and “database consumption” framework, and Frederik L. Schodt’s historical and sociocultural analysis of manga’s role in Japanese and global culture.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},135633,1787316367,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":31},687197207919,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000253d6f5f7c60be?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779446848396160552","Revista Calarma-ISNN: 2954-7261 (online) Vol. 3-Num. 4/March 2024  \nReflections on Sahoesaenghwal-e Daehae: An Approach to Japanese Manga as a Mirror of Social Structure  \nDoi: 10.59514/2954-7261.3270  \nGermán Andrés Santofimio Rojas. Bachelor of Social Sciences, Specialist in Research by the Manuela Beltrán University, Master in Cultural Studies by the Pontifical Bolivarian University, and Doctoral Student in Education at the Latin American Technological  \nUniversity, Mexico. (Email: [german.santofimio1@gmail.com](german.santofimio1@gmail.com))–(ORCID: [https://orcid](https://orcid).  \norg/0000-0003-3370-690X) .  \nPara citar este artículo / To reference this article / Para citar este artigo Santofimio Rojas, G. A. (2023) . Reflections on Sahoesaenghwal-e Daehae: An Approach to Japanese Manga as a Mirror of Social Structure. Revista Calarma, 3(4), 77–96. 10.59514/2954-7261.3270  \nAuthor’s Declaration  \nThe author declares that they have participated in the entire scientific process of this research, including conceptualization, methodology, writing, and editing.  \nHe also declares that they have no potential conflicts of interest regarding the authorship and publication of this article.  \nAbstract  \n“Sahoesaenghwal-e daehae”, which translates from Spanish as “On Social Life”, is the central theme of this article. It integrates personal reflections on manga asa significant cultural expression in Japan and globally within the social structure.  \nThe impact of manga extends across various societal aspects, playing a pivotal role in shaping popular culture, the economy, and the formation of identities and subcultures. Furthermore, it facilitates the expression of emotions and social reflection, fostering intercultural dialogue in areas such as technology and  \nSubmitted: November 21, 2023 Accepted: December 8, 2023  \ncyborgs. Consequently, this piece discusses manga as ethical and political devices in social scenarios, exploring less examined fields like gender, technology, and cyborgs.  \nKeywords: manga; economy; culture; politics; society.  \nIntroduction  \nManga is a form of comic or graphic novel originating in Japan. It is an essential part of Japanese popular culture, characterized by its distinctive drawing style and right-to-left reading format (Parada, 2012) . Mangas encompass a variety of genres, such as action, adventure, comedy, drama, romance, fantasy, and science fiction, among others. These genres are often published in specialized manga magazines and later compiled into bound volumes (Hernández, 2009) . Each manga comprises a series of panels and pages that narrate a story with dialogues, images, and visual effects that convey the characters’plot and emotions.  \nMangas are not limited to a child or youth audience, as there are Mangas targeted at different demographics. Additionally, they have transcended Japan’s borders and have become popular worldwide, being translated into several languages (Álvarez, 2016). They have also influenced other media, such as anime (Japanese animation), video games, and film adaptations. Many have achieved great success and become popular franchises, generating fans and followers in Japan and internationally (Cámara & Durán, 2022) .  \nOne of the prominent theorists in the study of manga is Hiroki Azuma, who has significantly contributed to analyzing and understanding this form of artistic/narrative expression. Azuma is known for his theory of “otaku” and his concept of “database consumption.” According to Azuma (2009), the “otaku” are avid consumers of cultural products and subcultures, and manga is one of the primary forms of expression that attracts this group. Azuma argues that it is a medium that has evolved to meet consumer demands rather than conveying specific messages or values.  \nIn his theory of“database consumption,”Azuma (2009) argues that manga and other cultural products are based on the idea of a “database” of pre-existing cultural elements. These elements, such as chara","cbCaig2E4J5yzBuM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaig2E4J5yzBuM","pdf",1372943,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# Introduction\n## Manga as Japanese graphic narrative and global cultural influence\n## Key theorists: Hiroki Azuma and database consumption\n## Representative works and analytical perspectives\n## Key theorists: Frederik L. Schodt and manga history","[{\"question\":\"What does “Sahoesaenghwal-e daehae” refer to in the article?\",\"answer\":\"It translates to “On Social Life” and functions as the central theme connecting manga to reflections on society.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the article describe manga’s impact on society?\",\"answer\":\"Manga is linked to shaping popular culture, influencing the economy, and supporting identity formation and subcultures.\"},{\"question\":\"Which theorists are used to analyze manga and what is the focus?\",\"answer\":\"The article highlights Hiroki Azuma’s “otaku” and “database consumption” framework, and Frederik L. Schodt’s historical and sociocultural analysis of manga’s role in Japanese and global culture.\"}]","Reflections on Sahoesaenghwal-e Daehae - An Approach to Japanese Manga as a Mirror of Social Structure | PDF"]