[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-598672-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":80,"doc-detail-598672-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":73,"head_meta":75,"extra_data":77,"updated_unix":79},105,"en","referencing-and-citation-for-graduate-students-gain-without-pain","Referencing and Citation for Graduate Students - Gain Without Pain","","Graduate students often face confusion about proper academic referencing and citation, especially when international students’ prior practices differ from local expectations. This paper presents a non-punitive instructional model designed to improve referencing and citation skills through an authentic writing sample assignment. Students complete a short literature review referencing provided articles, receive detailed first-draft feedback, revise, and resubmit until competence meets a minimal PASS standard before further course credit.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/general/","General",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/referencing-and-citation-for-graduate-students-gain-without-pain/598672/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/referencing-and-citation-for-graduate-students-gain-without-pain/598672.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"awa","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":26},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"Why do graduate students struggle with referencing and citation?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"Students may misunderstand local academic expectations, and both international and domestic students can have difficulty with electronic information handling and proper diligence in written work.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"What is the core of the proposed writing sample assignment?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"Students write a short review article (about two pages/1000 words) using provided academic articles that must be referenced in the final submission.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"How does the model avoid punitive assessment while still enforcing standards?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"Students receive extensive feedback and have unlimited revision opportunities without academic penalty for plagiarism or mechanical issues, but they must achieve a PASS and complete the assignment before submitting other graded work.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},598672,1792607772,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,91,95,100,105,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":88,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":129},19,"general",{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":131},{"doc_id":78,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":128,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":26,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":33,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":101},3985747858093,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","11  \nReferencing and Citation for Graduate Students:  \nGain Without Pain  \nEd S. Krol & Lisa M. Krol  \nUniversity of Saskatchewan  \nThe objective of this paper is to share with other educators a teaching method that was developed to help graduate students, andpotentially undergraduate students, understand how to properly reference and cite academic papers. In an attempt to teach rather than reprimand, a new teaching practice was developed for a graduate class at the University of Saskatchewan. The innovative assignment gave graduate students a short literature review to complete independently. The project then became a formative assessment of their referencing and citation skills. Student response was overwhelmingly positive. Upon successful completion, the instructor was assured of the students’ understanding of appropriate referencing and citation practices.  \nIntroduction  \nInternational students  \nof higher learning  \nare welcomed to institutions for the wealth of new  \nperspectives and diversity they bring to campus. However, these new perspectives can also bring cultural misunderstandings in academic practices. Referencing and citation is one such area that often causes confusion particularly where the practices of the new institution are vastly different from the student’s prior academic experiences. Often violations by international students are not intended and simply result from a lack of familiarity with local expectations (Crocker & Shaw, 2002; Pecorari, 2003) . This is not to say that problems with referencing are limited to  \ninternational students. With the vast amounts of information available electronically, many domestic students also have difficulty executing appropriate diligence in their written work (Parks, 2003) . However, any such errors in referencing and citation can cause serious consequences for students which  \nmay include grade penalties, failure, or expulsion.  \nAs an instructor of a graduate course in pharmaceutical sciences, I have struggled to communicate the importance and mechanics of proper citation and referencing to all graduate students but especially to international students. In an effort to reduce plagiarism issues, I offered to pre-read assignments prior to their due date and give students feedback on their structure, writing  \nstyle, and analysis. When reviewing these drafts, I frequently came across plagiarism and incorrect or inconsistent referencing techniques. In drawing these errors to the students’ attention, it was clear that in many cases the students were unaware of their violations or the very serious potential consequences of their infractions. Oftentimes, even with first draft feedback the final products continued to exhibit significant errors and the students themselves seemed confused and frustrated. It seemed unfair to pursue academic penalties when often the cause of error was and continued to be misunderstanding.  \nFaced with this dilemma, I found several possible solutions: continue to provide feedback on first drafts of assignments, give heavier academic penalties for infractions, or develop a training method to demonstrate the importance and mechanics of proper citation. The following describes a new instructional model developed and implemented to help improve student academic writing skills.  \nThe Writing Sample Assignment  \nI decided that students would submit a writing sample to demonstrate their abilities; however, the assignment would need to possess several unique features. First, the assessment of the sample could not be punitive while the students were learning appropriate techniques. However, there still needed to be consequences for not successfully completing the task to ensure that all students met a minimum standard. The task itself could not be onerous as it was not the main focus of the course. The task also had to apply to a wide range of science backgrounds as students from various departments enrol in this particular class. And finally, it was ","cbCailrWrFetbN80","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailrWrFetbN80","pdf",725704,"English","# Introduction\n## International students and citation confusion\n## Consequences of incorrect referencing\n# The Writing Sample Assignment\n## Assignment design and requirements\n## Feedback cycle and PASS standard\n## Scope and examples of topics","[{\"question\":\"Why do graduate students struggle with referencing and citation?\",\"answer\":\"Students may misunderstand local academic expectations, and both international and domestic students can have difficulty with electronic information handling and proper diligence in written work.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the core of the proposed writing sample assignment?\",\"answer\":\"Students write a short review article (about two pages/1000 words) using provided academic articles that must be referenced in the final submission.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the model avoid punitive assessment while still enforcing standards?\",\"answer\":\"Students receive extensive feedback and have unlimited revision opportunities without academic penalty for plagiarism or mechanical issues, but they must achieve a PASS and complete the assignment before submitting other graded work.\"}]","Referencing and Citation for Graduate Students - Gain Without Pain | PDF",1792087364]