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In 2024, a global redefinition of ARDS was introduced to address these limits, representing the most substantial update since the 2012 Berlin definition. This review details principal criterion revisions, including formal lung ultrasound adoption, SpO2/FiO2 ratios, explicit non-intubated ARDS consideration, and limited-resource contexts.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/redefining-acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-a-new-clinical-perspective/459948/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/redefining-acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-a-new-clinical-perspective/459948.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mabel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What motivated the 2024 global redefinition of ARDS?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It was introduced to overcome earlier challenges caused by varying resources and reliance on advanced technology, aiming for more inclusive and earlier diagnostic approaches.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What key elements were added or formally adopted in the updated ARDS criteria?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The review highlights formal adoption of lung ultrasound, use of SpO₂/FiO₂ ratios, explicit consideration of non-intubated ARDS, and applicability to limited-resource contexts.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What benefits and drawbacks does the review emphasize about the new ARDS definition?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It analyzes advantages and limitations such as heterogeneity of oxygenation measures, complications in assessing FiO₂, and challenges in imaging evaluation, while also pointing to needs like uniform ventilator parameters and broader integration of CO₂ metrics.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},459948,1790792101,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":46,"preview_page_count":4},7971474920318,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/74000ee537e6b0ca360?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1788430171632181674","Review  \nRedefining Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A New Clinical Perspective  \nSi Mong Yoon1 and Yeon Joo Lee2  \n1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 2Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea  \nAbstract  \nAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critical care, yet its diagnosis and classification have historically been limited by varying resources and reliance on advanced technology. In 2024, a global redefinition of ARDS was introduced to overcome these challenges, constituting the most substantial update since the Berlin definition in 2012. This review summarizes the principal revisions to the criteria, including the formal adoption of lung ultrasound, SpO₂/FiO₂ ratios, and the explicit consideration of non-intubated ARDS and contexts with limited resources. These modifications are intended to promote more inclusive diagnostics, earlier detection, and improved research relevance. We provide a critical analysis of the advantages and drawbacks of the new definition, focusing on the heterogeneity of oxygenation measures, complications in FiO₂ assessment, and challenges in imaging evaluation. Additionally, the review underlines ongoing areas for refinement, comprising the establishment of uniform ventilator parameters, greater integration of carbon dioxide metrics, and the application of phenotypic stratification to support the advancement of precision medicine. This conceptual update signals a significant transformation in ARDS diagnosis and is expected to foster broader and more accessible critical care methodologies as well as expanded research participation.  \nKeywords: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Berlin Definition; New Global Defonition  \n[https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2025.0069](https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2025.0069)  \nISSN: 1738-3536(Print)/ 2005-6184(Online) Tuberc Respir Dis 2026;89:10-17  \nCopyright © 2026 The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases  \nAddress for correspondence Yeon Joo Lee  \nDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumiro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea  \nE-mail yjlee1[117@snubh.org](117@snubh.org)  \n[Received](Received Apr)[ Apr](Received Apr). 11, 2025  \nRevised Jun. 11, 2025  \nAccepted Sep. 3, 2025  \nPublished online Oct. 23, 2025  \nIt is identical to the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License ([http://](http://)[ ](http://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/](creativecommons.org/licenses/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/)[by-nc/4.0/](by-nc/4.0/)) .  \nIntroduction  \nAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe condition defined by increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary barrier, which results in inflammatory pulmonary edema, decreased lung compliance, mismatched ventilation and perfusion, and a rise in dead space ventilation1. These pathophysiological processes lead to pronounced hypoxemia and hypercapnia, requiring critical care intervention and often mechanical ventilation. ARDS constitutes about 10% of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and is associated with a mortality rate between 27% and 37%1,2 .  \nDespite remarkable progress in critical care manage-  \nment and advances in ventilatory strategies over recent decades3, the mortality rate associated with ARDS remains persistently high. Furthermore, individuals who survive ARDS frequently endure long-term sequelae, including symptoms such as muscle weakness, anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment4. The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought renewed attention to ARDS, emphasizing its central role in the pathophysiology of se","cbCaiv8eTwWuafHD","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiv8eTwWuafHD","pdf",162090,"English","# Introduction\n# New definition and perspectives for ARDS\n## Berlin Definition","[{\"question\":\"What motivated the 2024 global redefinition of ARDS?\",\"answer\":\"It was introduced to overcome earlier challenges caused by varying resources and reliance on advanced technology, aiming for more inclusive and earlier diagnostic approaches.\"},{\"question\":\"What key elements were added or formally adopted in the updated ARDS criteria?\",\"answer\":\"The review highlights formal adoption of lung ultrasound, use of SpO₂/FiO₂ ratios, explicit consideration of non-intubated ARDS, and applicability to limited-resource contexts.\"},{\"question\":\"What benefits and drawbacks does the review emphasize about the new ARDS definition?\",\"answer\":\"It analyzes advantages and limitations such as heterogeneity of oxygenation measures, complications in assessing FiO₂, and challenges in imaging evaluation, while also pointing to needs like uniform ventilator parameters and broader integration of CO₂ metrics.\"}]","Redefining Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A New Clinical Perspective | PDF",1790757322]