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It tracks shifts from medical explanations toward penitentiary regimes, analyzes heterodox medico-religiosities shaped by dissenting healers and physicians, and explains how social health experts evaluated both redeemability and confinement. Through cases of death, awakening, and performed faith, the study shows how clemency networks and popu­list politics reworked salvation, discipline, and legacy within carceral institutions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/redeeming-bodies-and-souls-penitentiary-science-and-spirituality-in-twentieth-century-puerto-rico-and-the-dominican-republic-dissertation/140116/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/redeeming-bodies-and-souls-penitentiary-science-and-spirituality-in-twentieth-century-puerto-rico-and-the-dominican-republic-dissertation/140116.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"วิน","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-18","2026-08-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What central topics does the dissertation connect in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It connects penitentiary science with spirituality, tracing how medical and religious ideas shaped carceral practices, interpretations of death and redemption, and institutional legacies.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the dissertation describe the transition from medical to penitentiary science?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It argues that explanations and expertise moved beyond medical frameworks into penitentiary science, reshaping how authorities understood bodies, health, and confinement.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What role do faith practices and experiential religious knowledge play in the analysis?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The study examines performed faith and sacred knowledge, showing how experiential religious practices influenced meaning-making and interactions inside penal settings.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},140116,1787568056,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144},2336475104736,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c4c5e0e5b17e70?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786591360781797222","Redeeming Bodies and Souls: Penitentiary Science and Spirituality in Twentieth-Century Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic  \nBy  \nAlberto Ortiz  \nA dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of  \nDoctor of Philosophy  \n(History)  \nat the  \nUNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON  \n2017  \nDate of final oral examination: 04/04/2017  \nThe dissertation is approved by the following members of the Final Oral Committee: Francisco A. Scarano, Professor Emeritus, History  \nSteve J. Stern, Professor Emeritus, History  \nFlorencia E. Mallon, Professor Emeritus, History  \nJames H. Sweet, Professor, History  \nPablo Gómez, Assistant Professor, History of Science and Medicine  \n© Copyright by Alberto Ortiz 2017 All Rights Reserved  \ni  \nPage Intentionally Left Blank  \nii  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \nList of Figures iii  \nAcknowledgments v  \nAbstract ix  \nIntroduction. Penitentiaries and Intersections in Comparative Context 1  \nChapter 1. More Than Flesh: From Medical to Penitentiary Science 55  \nChapter 2. Heterodox Medico-Religiosities: Dissident Healers and Physicians 117  \nChapter 3. Determining Redeemability: Social Health Experts and Convicts 182  \nChapter 4. Los vivos muertos: The Many Meanings of Death and Awakening 255  \nChapter 5. Performing Faith: Sacred Knowledge and the Experiential 323  \nChapter 6. Sharing the Sun: Clemency, Redemptive Networks, and Populism 390  \nConclusion. The Living Dead and Ambiguous Legacies 449  \nBibliography 466  \niii  \nLIST OF FIGURES  \nIntroduction  \nFigure 1. Bennett, Parsons & Frost,“Group Plan of the Proposed Manicomio & Presidio, Río Piedras, Porto Rico,” January 1925.  \nFigure 2.“Penitenciaría de Nigua,” 1920-40.  \nFigure 3. Map of Hispaniola and Puerto Rico, with the Mona Passage emphasized [2011] . Figure 4. Total Number of Prisoners in Puerto Rico’s Penitentiaries and other Island Prisons (including district jails, youth institutions, and agricultural penal colonies), c. 1923-1956.  \nFigure 5. Total Number of Paroles Granted and Denied in Puerto Rico, 1947-1956.  \nChapter 1  \nFigure 1. Mug shot of Juan Sampayo López, October 1933.  \nFigure 2. Comparative Racial Classifications of Convicts in Puerto Rican Penitentiaries, c. 1917- 1956.  \nFigure 3. Oso Blanco’s front entrance, March 2014.  \nFigure 4. Rear view of Oso Blanco around midcentury.  \nFigure 5. José M. N., Ceferino Méndez Polo performing a physical, April 1950.  \nFigure 6. Anterior and side views of normal lungs, 1930-31.  \nFigure 7. Elephantiasis patient José Capre Cajigas, c. 1933-34.  \nChapter 2  \nFigure 1. Olivorio Mateo (Liborio), c. 1909 [2004] .  \nFigure 2. Arrested gavilleros, Revista Policial, October 1926.  \nFigure 3. Domingo Otero advertisement, c. 1920s-30s.  \nChapter 3  \nFigure 1. José M. N.,“Servicio social en la comunidad,” May 1950.  \nFigure 2. Convict Occupations After Entering Puerto Rican Penitentiaries, c. 1927-1956.  \nFigure 3. Confesor Canales Fernández,“Programa de tratamiento,” January 20, 1950.  \nFigure 4. José Rafael Maymí Nevares, July 1951.  \nFigure 5. Rafael Troyano de los Ríos, Federico García Lorca, Laura de los Ríos, and Isabel García Lorca in Morocco, 1931 [2009] .  \nChapter 4  \nFigure 1. Suicide of Luis Vázquez Irizarry, August 2, 1933.  \nFigure 2. Mug shot of Octavio Montilla, April 1938.  \nFigure 3. Living death in Nigua, 1937 [2013] .  \nFigure 4. Susano Ortiz, May 1949.  \nFigure 5. José M. N. and/or Ángel L. R. R., Oso Blanco movie screening, July-August 1950.  \nFigure 6. José M. N. and/or Ángel L. R. R., Oso Blanco library, July-August 1950.  \nFigure 7. Delia Weber, 1950 [2015] .  \nFigure 8. María del Carmen Mejía, December 1951 [2016] .  \nChapter 5  \nFigure 1.“Evidence seized/taken from the prisoner [Nereida Ribot],” 1957.  \niv  \nFigure 2. Map of the division of Puerto Rico by various Christian denominations, 1899 [1998] .  \nFigure 3. Comparative Religious Classifications of Convicts in La Princesa and Oso Blanco, c. 1917-1956.  \nFigure 4.“Una misa en el Presidio Insular,” ","cbCaidHyVkChM1TQ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidHyVkChM1TQ","pdf",18118345,518,"English","# Introduction. Penitentiaries and Intersections in Comparative Context\n# Chapter 1. More Than Flesh: From Medical to Penitentiary Science\n# Chapter 2. Heterodox Medico-Religiosities: Dissident Healers and Physicians\n# Chapter 3. Determining Redeemability: Social Health Experts and Convicts\n# Chapter 4. Los vivos muertos: The Many Meanings of Death and Awakening\n# Chapter 5. Performing Faith: Sacred Knowledge and the Experiential\n# Chapter 6. Sharing the Sun: Clemency, Redemptive Networks, and Populism\n# Conclusion. The Living Dead and Ambiguous Legacies","[{\"question\":\"What central topics does the dissertation connect in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic?\",\"answer\":\"It connects penitentiary science with spirituality, tracing how medical and religious ideas shaped carceral practices, interpretations of death and redemption, and institutional legacies.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the dissertation describe the transition from medical to penitentiary science?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that explanations and expertise moved beyond medical frameworks into penitentiary science, reshaping how authorities understood bodies, health, and confinement.\"},{\"question\":\"What role do faith practices and experiential religious knowledge play in the analysis?\",\"answer\":\"The study examines performed faith and sacred knowledge, showing how experiential religious practices influenced meaning-making and interactions inside penal settings.\"}]","Redeeming Bodies and Souls - Penitentiary Science and Spirituality in Twentieth-Century Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic - Dissertation | PDF",1305]