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The document updates the 2009 valve-stenosis recommendations in light of new evidence, focusing on optimizing left ventricular outflow tract evaluation and addressing low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis, including cases with preserved ejection fraction. It also introduces a new classification using gradient, flow, and ejection fraction, and provides an integrated stepwise grading algorithm for routine practice.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/recommendations-on-the-echocardiographic-assessment-of-aortic-valve-stenosis-a-focused-update/497101/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/recommendations-on-the-echocardiographic-assessment-of-aortic-valve-stenosis-a-focused-update/497101.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Liam","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-10","2026-10-02",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",17,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why are echocardiographic assessment standards important for aortic stenosis?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Clinical decisions rely on echocardiographic assessment of disease severity. Standardized recommendations help maintain accuracy and consistency across echocardiography laboratories.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What does the update focus on beyond the 2009 recommendations?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It addresses optimization of left ventricular outflow tract assessment and improves evaluation in low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis, including subgroups with preserved ejection fraction.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How does the document improve routine assessment of aortic stenosis severity?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"It proposes a new classification based on gradient, flow, and ejection fraction and provides a grading algorithm that supports an integrated, stepwise approach in clinical practice.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},497101,1791103879,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},8796095461564,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","EACVI/ASE CLINICAL RECOMMENDATIONS  \nRecommendations on the Echocardiographic Assessment of Aortic Valve Stenosis: A Focused Update from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society  \nof Echocardiography  \nHelmut Baumgartner, MD, FESC,(Chair), Judy Hung, MD, FASE,(Co-Chair), Javier Bermejo, MD, PhD, John B. Chambers, MB BChir, FESC, Thor Edvardsen, MD, PhD, FESC, Steven Goldstein, MD, FASE, Patrizio Lancellotti, MD, PhD, FESC, Melissa LeFevre, RDCS, Fletcher Miller Jr., MD, FASE, and Catherine M. Otto, MD, FESC, Muenster, Germany; Boston, Massachusetts; Madrid, Spain; London, United Kingdom; Oslo, Norway; Washington, District of Columbia; Li􀀁ege, Belgium; Bari, Italy; Durham, North Carolina;  \nRochester, Minnesota; and Seattle, Washington  \nEchocardiography isthe key tool for the diagnosis and evaluation of aortic stenosis. Because clinical decisionmaking is based on the echocardiographic assessment of its severity, it is essential that standards are adopted to maintain accuracy and consistency across echocardiographic laboratories. Detailed recommendations for the echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis were published by the European Association of Echocardiography and the American Society of Echocardiography in 2009 . In the meantime, numerous new studies on aortic stenosis have been published with particular new insights into the difficult subgroup of low gradient aortic stenosis making an update of recommendations necessary. The document focuses in particular on the optimization of left ventricular outflow tract assessment, low flow, low gradient aortic stenosis with preserved ejection fraction, a new classification of aortic stenosis by gradient, flow and ejection fraction, anda grading algorithm for an integrated and stepwise approach of aortic stenosis assessment in clinical practice.(J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2017;30:372-92.)  \nKeywords: Aortic stenosis, Echocardiography, Computed tomography, Quantification, Prognostic parameters  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS   \nIntroduction 373  \nAetiologies and Morphologic Assessment 373  \nBasic Assessment of Severity 375  \nRecommendations for Standard Clinical Practice 375  \nPeak Jet Velocity 375  \nMean Pressure Gradient 378  \nAortic Valve Area 379  \nAlternative Measures of Stenosis Severity 382  \nSimplified Continuity Equation 382  \nVelocity Ratio and VTI Ratio (Dimensionless Index) 382 AVA Planimetry 383  \nExperimental Descriptors of Stenosis Severity 383  \nAdvanced Assessment of AS Severity 383  \nBasic Grading Criteria 383  \nFrom the Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (H.B.); Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J. H.); Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maran, Instituto de Investigacin Sanitaria Gregorio Maran, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (J.B.); Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, UK (J.B.C.); Department of Cardiology and Center for Cardiological Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (T. E.); Heart Institute, Washington, District of Columbia (S.G.); Universtiy of Lige Hospital, GIGA Cardiovascular Science, Heart Valve Clinic, Imaging Cardiology, Lige, Belgium (P. L); Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Anthea Hospital, Bari, Italy (P.L.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (M.L.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.M.); and Division of Cardiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (C.M.O.) .  \nThis article is being co-published in the European Heart Journal – Cardiovascular Imaging and the Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. The articles are identical except for minor stylistic and spelling differences in keeping with each journal’s style. Either citation can be used when citing this article Conflict of interest: None declared.  \nReprint requests: American So","cbCairrKdxtQMYoM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairrKdxtQMYoM","pdf",2243605,21,"English","# Introduction\n## Aetiologies and Morphologic Assessment\n## Basic Assessment of Severity\n## Recommendations for Standard Clinical Practice\n## Peak Jet Velocity\n## Mean Pressure Gradient\n## Aortic Valve Area\n## Alternative Measures of Stenosis Severity\n## Simplified Continuity Equation\n## Velocity Ratio and VTI Ratio (Dimensionless Index)\n## AVA Planimetry\n## Experimental Descriptors of Stenosis Severity\n## Advanced Assessment of AS Severity\n## Basic Grading Criteria\n## Special Considerations of Difficult Subgroups\n## Low Flow, Low Gradient AS with Reduced Ejection Fraction","[{\"question\":\"Why are echocardiographic assessment standards important for aortic stenosis?\",\"answer\":\"Clinical decisions rely on echocardiographic assessment of disease severity. Standardized recommendations help maintain accuracy and consistency across echocardiography laboratories.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the update focus on beyond the 2009 recommendations?\",\"answer\":\"It addresses optimization of left ventricular outflow tract assessment and improves evaluation in low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis, including subgroups with preserved ejection fraction.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the document improve routine assessment of aortic stenosis severity?\",\"answer\":\"It proposes a new classification based on gradient, flow, and ejection fraction and provides a grading algorithm that supports an integrated, stepwise approach in clinical practice.\"}]","Recommendations on the Echocardiographic Assessment of Aortic Valve Stenosis - A Focused Update | PDF",1790947409,53]