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About the Recommendations  \nA. Purpose of the Recommendations  \nB. Who Should Use the Recommendations?  \nC. History of the Recommendations  \nII. Roles and Responsibilities of Authors, Contributors, Reviewers, Editors, Publishers, and Owners  \nA. Defining the Role of Authors and Contributors  \n1. Why Authorship Matters  \n2. Who Is an Author?  \n3. Non-Author Contributors  \n4. Artificial Intelligence (AI)–Assisted Technology  \nB. Disclosure of Financial and Non-Financial Relationships and Activities, and Conflicts of Interest  \n1. Participants  \na. Authors  \nb. Peer Reviewers  \nc. Editors and Journal Staff  \n2. Reporting Relationships and Activities  \nC. Responsibilities in the Submission and Peer-Review Process  \n1. Authors  \na. Predatory or Pseudo-Journals  \n2. Journals  \na. Confidentiality  \nb. Timeliness and Responsiveness  \nc. Peer Review  \nd. Integrity  \ne. Diversity and Inclusion  \nf. Journal Metrics  \n3. Peer Reviewers  \nD. Journal Owners and Editorial Freedom  \n1. Journal Owners  \n2. Editorial Freedom  \nE. Protection of Research Participants  \nIII. Publishing and Editorial Issues Related to Publication in Medical Journals  \nA. Corrections and Version Control  \nB. Scientific Misconduct  \nC. Copyright  \nD. Overlapping Publications  \n1. Duplicate Submission  \n2. Duplicate and Prior Publication  \n3. Preprints  \na. Choosing a Preprint Archive  \nb. Submitting Manuscripts That Are in Preprint Archives to a Peer-Reviewed Journal  \nc. Referencing Preprints in Submitted Manuscripts  \n4. Acceptable Secondary Publication  \n5. Manuscripts Based on the Same Database  \nE. Correspondence  \nF. Fees  \nG. Supplements, Theme Issues, and Special Series  \nH. Sponsorship and Partnerships  \nI. Electronic Publishing  \nJ. Advertising  \nK. Journals and the Media  \nL. Clinical Trials  \n1. Registration  \n2. Authors’ Access to Data  \n3. Data Sharing  \nIV. Manuscript Preparation and Submission  \nA. Preparing a Manuscript for Submission to a Medical Journal  \n1. General Principles  \n2. Reporting Guidelines  \n3. Manuscript Sections  \na. Title Page  \nb. Abstract  \nc. Introduction  \nd. Methods  \ni. Selection and Description of Participants  \nii. Data Collection and Measurements  \niii. Statistics  \ne. Results  \nf. Discussion  \ng. References  \ni. General Considerations  \nii. Style and Format  \nh. Tables  \ni. Illustrations (Figures)  \nj. Units of Measurement  \nk. Abbreviations and Symbols  \nB. Sending the Manuscript to the Journal  \nV. Use of Artificial Intelligence in Publishing  \nA. Use of AI by Authors  \nB. Use of AI by Reviewers  \nC. Editors’ Role in Ensuring Responsible Use of AI  \nI. ABOUT THE RECOMMENDATIONS  \nA. Purpose of the Recommendations  \nICMJE developed these recommendations to review best practice and ethical standards in the conduct and reporting of research and other material published in medical journals, and to help authors, editors, and others involved in peer review and biomedical publishing create and distribute accurate, clear, reproducible, unbiased medical journal articles. The recommendations may also provide useful insights into the medical editing and publishing process for the media, patients and their families, and general readers. As some readers review only certain sections on an as-needed basis, some ICMJE guidance is reiterated in different sections so that each section is self-contained.  \nRecommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals  \nB. Who Should Use the Recommendations?  \nThese recommendations are intended primarily for use by authors who might submit their work for publication to ICMJE member journals. Many non-ICMJE journals voluntarily use these recommendations. The ICMJE encourages that use but has no authority to monitor or enforce it. In all cases, authors should use these recommendations along with individual journals’ instr","cbCaiiqGEfipaMa6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiqGEfipaMa6","pdf",287202,21,"English","# About the Recommendations\n## Purpose of the Recommendations\n## Who Should Use the Recommendations?\n## History of the Recommendations\n# Roles and Responsibilities of Authors, Contributors, Reviewers, Editors, Publishers, and Owners\n## Defining the Role of Authors and Contributors\n## Disclosure of Financial and Non-Financial Relationships and Activities, and Conflicts of Interest\n## Responsibilities in the Submission and Peer-Review Process\n# Publishing and Editorial Issues Related to Publication in Medical Journals\n## Corrections and Version Control\n## Scientific Misconduct\n## Copyright\n## Overlapping Publications\n## Correspondence\n## Fees\n## Supplements, Theme Issues, and Special Series\n## Sponsorship and Partnerships\n# Manuscript Preparation and Submission\n## Preparing a Manuscript for Submission to a Medical Journal\n# Use of Artificial Intelligence in Publishing\n## Use of AI by Authors\n## Use of AI by Reviewers\n## Editors’ Role in Ensuring Responsible Use of AI","[{\"question\":\"Who are the intended users of these recommendations?\",\"answer\":\"The recommendations are primarily intended for authors submitting to ICMJE member journals, and many non-ICMJE journals voluntarily use them. Authors are also expected to follow individual journals’ instructions to authors.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the key responsibilities related to authorship and accountability?\",\"answer\":\"Authorship provides credit and carries academic, social, and financial implications, along with responsibility and accountability. The guidance aims to ensure substantive contributors are credited while authors understand their duties for what is published.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the document cover regarding publication ethics and manuscript handling?\",\"answer\":\"It addresses corrections and version control, scientific misconduct, copyright, overlapping publications (including duplicate submissions and preprints), correspondence, fees, and editorial/special issue structures. It also covers manuscript preparation and submission elements and section-level expectations.\"}]","Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals - Updated January 2026 | PDF",1789872284,53]