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The document reviews the strengths and limitations of two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound approaches for plaque quantification, then examines advanced and emerging ultrasound methods to assess plaque activity and composition. It formulates recommendations to standardize focused 2D and 3D carotid plaque image acquisition and measurement, summarizes potential clinical applications, and provides a structured framework for consistent evaluation across settings.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/recommendations-for-the-assessment-of-carotid-arterial-plaque-by-ultrasound-from-the-american-society-of-echocardiography-guidelines/496824/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/recommendations-for-the-assessment-of-carotid-arterial-plaque-by-ultrasound-from-the-american-society-of-echocardiography-guidelines/496824.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aurelia","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-10","2026-10-02",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",17,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the role of carotid ultrasound in assessing cardiovascular risk?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Carotid ultrasound plaque detection enables cardiovascular disease risk stratification by characterizing atherosclerotic plaques.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How do two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound methods differ for plaque quantification?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The document reviews the advantages and disadvantages of 2D versus 3D ultrasound methods for carotid arterial plaque quantification.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What recommendations are provided for standardizing focused 2D and 3D plaque imaging?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Recommendations are formulated to standardize focused 2D and 3D carotid arterial plaque image acquisition and measurement for the purpose of consistent cardiovascular risk stratification.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},496824,1791202752,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":105,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1099514068365,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/10000253d8d9f28188e?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1794309523707217728","GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS  \nRecommendations for the Assessment of Carotid Arterial Plaque by Ultrasound for the Characterization of Atherosclerosis and Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk: From the American Society of Echocardiography  \nAmer M. Johri, MD, FASE, Vijay Nambi, MD, FASE, Tasneem Z. Naqvi, MD, FASE, Steven B. Feinstein, MD, Esther S. H. Kim, MD, MPH, FASE, Margaret M. Park, ACS, RDCS, RVT, FASE, Harald Becher, MD, PhD, and Henrik Sillesen, MD, DMSc, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Houston, Texas; Phoenix, Arizona; Chicago, Illinois; Nashville, Tennessee; Cleveland, Ohio; Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and Copenhagen, Denmark  \nAtherosclerotic plaque detection by carotid ultrasound provides cardiovascular disease risk stratification. The advantages and disadvantages of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound methods for carotid arterial plaque quantification are reviewed. Advanced and emerging methods of carotid arterial plaque activity and composition analysis by ultrasound are considered. Recommendations for the standardization of focused 2D and 3D carotid arterial plaque ultrasound image acquisition and measurement for the purpose of cardiovascular disease stratification are formulated. Potential clinical application towards cardiovascular risk stratification of recommended focused carotid arterial plaque quantification approaches are summarized. (JAm Soc Echocardiogr 2020;-:---.)  \nKeywords: Carotid plaque, Atherosclerosis, Risk stratification  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS   \nBackground 2  \nRationale 2  \nScope 2  \nDefinition of Plaque-Protuberant and Diffuse Types 3  \nClinically Significant Carotid Arterial Plaque or CIMT 3  \nQuantification Methods 4  \nTwo-Dimensional Techniques for Quantifying Plaque 4  \nPlaque score 4  \nPlaque height/thickness 6  \nAssociation of Plaque Height with Outcomes 6  \nPlaque Area 6  \nThree-dimensional Plaque Quantification 7  \n3D Plaque Volume Acquisition Protocols 7  \nSingle-region protocol 8  \nFrom Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (A.M.J.); Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (V.N.); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona (T.Z.N.); Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois (S.B.F.); Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (E.S.H.K.); Cleveland Clinic Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, Ohio (M.M.P.); University of Alberta Hospital, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (H.B.); and Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.S.) .  \nThe following authors reported no actual or potential conflicts of interest in relation to this document: Amer M. Johri, MD, FASE, Esther S. H. Kim, MD, MPH, FASE. The following authors reported relationships with one or more commercial interests: Harald Becher, MD, PhD has received research grants from Bracco Imaging, Siemens, and Philips, honorarium for lectures at Bracco sponsored workshops, honorarium for textbooks from Springer/Nature and Oxford University Press, and has been a member of the scientific advisory board for Ultromics. Steven B. Feinstein, MD, has been a scientific advisor to DIA Imaging and a stockholder of SonoGene (biotech company) . Vijay Nambi, MD, FASE, has a provisional patent filed with Baylor and Roche on use of biomarkers in prediction of heart failure, and  \nwas an event adjudicator for a study sponsored by Siemens. Tasneem Z. Naqvi, MD, FASE, has served as a consultant to Cordex and St. Jude Medical. Margaret  \nM. Park, ACS, RDCS, RVT, FSDMS, FASE, has served on the speaker’s bureau for Lantheus Medical Imaging and was a previous speaker and instructor for Northwest Imaging Solutions and Bracco. Henrik Sillesen, MD, DMSc has received honoraria from Philips, Amgen, and Novo Nordisk.  \nAttention ASE Members:  \n[Visit](Visit www.ASELearningHub.org)[ www.ASELearningHub.org](Visit www.ASELearningHub.org) to earn free continuing medical education credit through an online activity related to this article. Certificates are available for immediate access upon successful comp","cbCaiubwXtV0R5om","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiubwXtV0R5om","pdf",2839206,"English","# Background\n# Rationale\n# Scope\n# Definition of Plaque-Protuberant and Diffuse Types\n# Clinically Significant Carotid Arterial Plaque or CIMT\n# Quantification Methods\n## Two-Dimensional Techniques for Quantifying Plaque\n## Three-dimensional Plaque Quantification","[{\"question\":\"What is the role of carotid ultrasound in assessing cardiovascular risk?\",\"answer\":\"Carotid ultrasound plaque detection enables cardiovascular disease risk stratification by characterizing atherosclerotic plaques.\"},{\"question\":\"How do two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound methods differ for plaque quantification?\",\"answer\":\"The document reviews the advantages and disadvantages of 2D versus 3D ultrasound methods for carotid arterial plaque quantification.\"},{\"question\":\"What recommendations are provided for standardizing focused 2D and 3D plaque imaging?\",\"answer\":\"Recommendations are formulated to standardize focused 2D and 3D carotid arterial plaque image acquisition and measurement for the purpose of consistent cardiovascular risk stratification.\"}]","Recommendations for the Assessment of Carotid Arterial Plaque by Ultrasound - From the American Society of Echocardiography - Guidelines | PDF",1790940596,43]