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Europe  \nComparative insights for skills portability  \nNo 04/JULY 2026  \nPlease cite this publication as:  \nCedefop. (2026) . Recognition and validation of foreign VET qualifications in Europe: Comparative insights for skills portability. Cedefop Insights. Publications Office of the European Union. [http://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2801/ 2307117](http://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2801/ 2307117) .  \nA great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the internet. It can be accessed through the Europa website ( [https://european](https://european)union.europa.eu/index_en) .  \nLuxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2026  \n© Cedefop, 2026  \nUnless otherwise noted, the reuse of this document is authorised under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. This means that reuse is allowed, provided appropriate credit is given and any changes made are indicated. For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not owned by Cedefop, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders.  \nPDF ISBN 978-92-896-3991-0  \nISSN 3094-6255  \nDoi: 10.2801/ 2307117  \nTI-01-26-041-EN-N  \nThe European Centre for the Development of Vocational  \nTraining (Cedefop) is the European Union’s reference centre for vocational education and training, skills and qualifications. We  \nprovide information, research, analyses and evidence on vocational education and training, skills and qualifications for policymaking in the EU Member States.  \nCedefop was originally established in 1975 by Council Regulation (EEC) No 337/75 . This decision was repealed in 2019 by Regulation (EU) 2019/128 establishing Cedefop as a European Union Agency with a renewed mandate.  \nEurope 123, Thessaloniki (Pylaia), Greece  \nPostal: Cedefop service post, 570 01 Thermi, Greece Tel. +30 2310490111, Fax +30 2310490020 Email: info@cedefop.europa.eu [www.cedefop.europa.eu](www.cedefop.europa.eu)  \nJürgen Siebel, Executive Director  \nTony Donohoe, Chair of the Management Board  \nTable of contents  \nAcknowledgments .................................................................................................. 1  \nChapter 1. Introduction ........................................................................................ 2  \nChapter 2. Purpose-driven recognition of skills and qualifications ........................ 4  \nChapter 3. Recognition and validation for further learning .................................... 8  \n3.1. Recognition for further learning .................................................................................... 8  \n3.2. Validation of non-formal and informal learning .......................................................... 10  \nChapter 4. Recognition and validation for employment purposes ........................ 11  \n4.1. Recognition for regulated professions ....................................................................... 11  \n4.2. Recognition for non-regulated professions ................................................................ 14  \n4.3. Validation of non-formal and informal learning in the labour market ......................... 16  \nChapter 5. Implications for skills portability and the transparency of qualifications……………………………………………………………………………………17  \n5.1. Purpose-dependent recognition arrangements .......................................................... 17  \n5.2. Governance arrangements and the role of ENIC-NARIC centres ............................. 18  \n5.3. Convergence of methodologies and growing overlap between recognition purposes…………………………………………………………………….....................19  \n5.4. Recognition, validation and skills portability............................................................... 21  \nAbbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 23  \nReferences .....","cbCainItVe2MxnE8","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainItVe2MxnE8","pdf",530947,"English","# Acknowledgments\n# Chapter 1. Introduction\n# Chapter 2. Purpose-driven recognition of skills and qualifications\n# Chapter 3. Recognition and validation for further learning\n## 3.1. Recognition for further learning\n## 3.2. Validation of non-formal and informal learning\n# Chapter 4. Recognition and validation for employment purposes\n## 4.1. Recognition for regulated professions\n## 4.2. Recognition for non-regulated professions\n## 4.3. Validation in the labour market\n# Chapter 5. Implications for skills portability and the transparency of qualifications\n## 5.1. Purpose-dependent recognition arrangements\n## 5.2. Governance and the role of ENIC-NARIC centres\n## 5.3. Convergence of methodologies\n## 5.4. Recognition, validation and skills portability\n# Abbreviations\n# References\n# Annex","[{\"question\":\"Why is recognition of qualifications a priority in the European Union?\",\"answer\":\"It underpins the free movement of learners and workers, supports the functioning of the Single Market, and aligns with EU initiatives aimed at transparency, recognition, and skills portability.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the publication organize recognition for further learning and employment?\",\"answer\":\"It uses a purpose-driven approach, covering recognition and validation for further learning, and then for employment, including both regulated and non-regulated professions.\"},{\"question\":\"What implications does the report discuss for skills portability and qualification transparency?\",\"answer\":\"It examines how purpose-dependent arrangements and governance roles, including ENIC-NARIC centres, affect convergence of methodologies and the resulting portability of skills.\"}]","Recognition and validation of foreign VET qualifications in Europe - No 4 - Comparative insights for skills portability | PDF",1792046871,76]