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Claudin18.2-redirected CAR-T therapy shows promising later-line results, expanding options for solid tumors. This review consolidates key research, latest advances, and future directions across esophageal, gastric/gastroesophageal junction, and colorectal cancers, emphasizing ongoing efforts to improve precision.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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[https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-024-01578-x](https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-024-01578-x)  \nJournal of Hematology & Oncology  \n REVIEW Open Access  \nRecent developments in immunotherapy for gastrointestinal tract cancers  \nXiaoyi Chong1†, Yelizhati Madeti1†, Jieyuan Cai1†, Wenfei Li1†, Lin Cong1†, Jialin Lu1, Liyang Mo 1,  \nHuizhen Liu1, Siyi He1, Chao Yu1, Zhiruo Zhou1, Boya Wang1, Yanshuo Cao1, Zhenghang Wang1, Lin Shen1,2, Yakun Wang1,2* and Xiaotian Zhang1,2*  \nAbstract  \nThe past few decades have witnessed the rise of immunotherapy for Gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers. The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and PD ligand-1 antibodies, has become increasingly pivotal in the treatment of advanced and perioperative GI tract cancers. Currently, anti-PD-1 plus chemotherapy is considered as first-line regimen for unselected advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (G/GEJC), mismatch repair deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC), and advanced esophageal cancer (EC) . In addition, the encouraging performance of claudin18 . 2-redirected chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy in later-line GI tract cancers brings new hope for cell therapy in solid tumour treatment. Nevertheless, immunotherapy for GI tumour remains yet precise, and researchers are dedicated to further maximising and optimising the efficacy. This review summarises the important research, latest progress, and future directions of immunotherapy for GI tract cancers including EC, G/GEJC, and CRC.  \nKeywords Gastrointestinal tract cancers, Immunotherapy, Biomarkers, Resistance, Precise treatment  \nBackground  \nWorldwide, gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers are the most prevalent malignancies with high morbidity and mortality [1]. According to the Global Cancer Observatory 2022 estimates, East Asia registered 1,469,225 new  \n†Xiaoyi Chong, Yelizhati Madeti, Jieyuan Cai, Wenfei Li and Lin Cong contributed equally to this work.  \n*Correspondence:  \nYakun Wang [wykun1991@126.com](wykun1991@126.com)[ ](wykun1991@126.com)Xiaotian Zhang [zhangxiaotian@bjmu.edu.cn](zhangxiaotian@bjmu.edu.cn)  \n1 Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100142, China  \n2 State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China  \npatients with GI tract cancers in 2022, accounting for 43.1% of the global incidence of GI tract cancers and 837,360 deaths, amounting to 41.7% of cancer-related deaths of GI tract cancers. Notably, the incidence of GI tract cancers is sharply increasing among young adults [2]. However, the etiological factors for GI tract cancers encompass infectious agents (such as HP, EBV infections), genetic factors (such as CDH1 mutations), and environmental factors (such as poor dietary habits) which have not been completely eliminated. In certain high-risk regions, routine endoscopic screening has not yet been universally implemented, severely affecting the health of populations and imposing economic burdens globally. Immunotherapy, one of the most recently developed therapies based on the theory of cancer immunoediting which indicated the crucial role of immune escape in tumour development and growth, has wrought a profound revolution in cancer treatment [3]. Immunotherapy was defined as therapeutic methods restoring  \n© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sh","cbCaikF4PXyuCUgM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikF4PXyuCUgM","pdf",2901237,61,"English","# Abstract\n# Background\n## Global burden and rising incidence\n## Immunoediting and rationale for immunotherapy\n# Immunotherapy modalities\n## Immune checkpoint inhibitors\n## Cancer vaccines\n## Cell therapy and oncolytic viruses\n# Recent clinical trial progress","[{\"question\":\"What immunotherapies are highlighted for gastrointestinal tract cancers in the review?\",\"answer\":\"The review emphasizes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), along with cancer vaccines, cell therapy (including CAR-T), and oncolytic viruses as core immunotherapy categories.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is anti-PD-1 plus chemotherapy important in advanced GI tract cancers?\",\"answer\":\"Anti-PD-1 plus chemotherapy is described as a first-line regimen for unselected advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma, dMMR/MSI-H colorectal cancer, and advanced esophageal cancer.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the focus of the review beyond current treatments?\",\"answer\":\"It summarizes important research and the latest progress, then outlines future directions, while noting that GI tumor immunotherapy still needs more precise optimization.\"}]","Recent developments in immunotherapy for gastrointestinal tract cancers - Review | PDF",1789980102,154]