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[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-024-03793-4](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-024-03793-4)  \nRecent clinical researches and technological development inTIL therapy  \nSatoko Matsueda1 · Lei Chen2 · Hongmei Li3 · Hui Yao1 · Fuli Yu1  \nReceived: 10 November 2023 / Accepted: 29 July 2024 / Published online: 12 September 2024 © The Author(s) 2024  \nAbstract  \nTumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy represents a groundbreaking advancement in the solid cancer treatment, offering new hope to patients and their families with high response rates and long overall survival. TIL therapy involves extracting immune cells from a patient's tumor tissue, expanding them ex vivo, and infusing them back into the patient to target and eliminate cancer cells. This revolutionary approach harnesses the power of the immune system to combat cancers, ushering ina new era ofT cell-based therapies along with CAR-T and TCR-therapies. In this comprehensive review, we aim to elucidate the remarkable potential of TIL therapy by delving into recent advancements in basic and clinical researches. We highlight on the evolving landscape of TIL therapy as a prominent immunotherapeutic strategy, its multifaceted applications, and the promising outcomes. Additionally, we explore the future horizons of TIL therapy, next-generation TILs, and combination therapy, to overcome the limitations and improve clinical efficacy of TIL therapy.  \nKeywords Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte (TIL) Therapy · Cancer Immunotherapy · Solid Tumors · Adoptive Cell Therapy · Clinical Research · Technological Development  \nIntroduction  \nTIL therapy was originally developed by Rosenberg’s group starting in 1986 [1]. The premise involves extracting immune cells, known as TILs, from a patient's tumor, cultivating and expanding these cells in a laboratory, and then reintroducing them into the patient's body to target and destroy cancer cells. TIL therapy recognizes the uniqueness of each patient's cancer by recognizing the cancer neoantigens, activating the T cell immune response to eradicate tumor cells (that is called “cytotoxicity”) . This precision medicine approach leads to higher response rates and increased chances of remission, which is nothing short of revolution in the oncology field. It is especially remarkable considering that Dr. Rosenberg discovered TIL’s cytotoxicity ~ 40 years  \n* Satoko Matsueda [satoko.matsueda@freshwindbiotech.com](satoko.matsueda@freshwindbiotech.com)  \n1 Fresh Wind Biotechnologies USA Inc, 4502 Riverstone Blvd, STE1104, Missouri City, TX 77459, USA  \n2 Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin 300450, China  \n3 Department of Oncology, Qingdao University Medical School, Qinddao 266003, China  \nago without many of the molecular toolkits that are becoming available only in the past 15 years.  \nOver the past few decades, substantial research efforts have been dedicated to the development of technologies for expanding tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) [1–5], and T cells in general, along with the formulation of clinical procedures [6, 7]. TIL therapy has progressed to a point where it is on the cusp of an approval as a biological drug—lifileucel by Iovance ([https://www.iovance.com](https://www.iovance.com)) is upon BLA review by the FDA [8] . There are crucial areas that demand further advancement, including the evaluation of its potency, enhancing clinical effectiveness in both “hot” and “cold”cancers, optimizing the manufacturing process, reducing the overall production cost, and improving the accessibilities of this modality.  \nTo successfully integrate TIL therapy into clinical practice (that is the “standard of care”), it is essential to expand its therapeutic applications in solid tumor types with severe unmet medical needs, establish optimal clinical protocols of treatment procedures, streamline manufacturing processes, and conduct pertinent clinical trials. Furthermore, ongoing r","cbCaimcq6u7umEKX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimcq6u7umEKX","pdf",1071021,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Current status of adoptive cell therapy (ACT)\n## The advantages of TIL over CAR-T and TCR-T in solid cancer treatments","[{\"question\":\"What is tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy and how does it work?\",\"answer\":\"TIL therapy extracts immune cells from a patient’s tumor, expands them ex vivo, and infuses them back to target and eliminate cancer cells by leveraging the immune system’s cancer recognition.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the key goals of this review on TIL therapy?\",\"answer\":\"The review aims to explain the potential of TIL therapy by covering recent basic and clinical advancements, highlighting current landscape and applications, and discussing future directions such as next-generation TILs and combination therapy.\"},{\"question\":\"How does TIL therapy compare with CAR-T and TCR-T for solid tumors?\",\"answer\":\"The document describes TIL as promising for solid cancers and contrasts CAR-T’s stronger performance in hematological malignancies with its weaker effectiveness in solid tumors, while noting TCR-T’s potential for targeting a range of solid tumors.\"}]","Recent clinical research and technological development in TIL therapy | PDF",1789992528]