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Decades of progress have shaped both conservative and surgical options, yet uncertainty remains regarding optimal strategies, long-term effectiveness, and recurrence prevention. This review surveys pharmacological care, physical therapy, minimally invasive and open surgery, and emerging biological therapies. Emphasis is placed on PRP, BMAC, chemonucleolysis, AI-enabled workflows, and multidisciplinary team management, while outlining challenges in standardized outcomes, individualized pathways, and regenerative medicine translation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/recent-advances-and-evolving-strategies-in-the-treatment-of-lumbar-disc-herniation/417732/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/recent-advances-and-evolving-strategies-in-the-treatment-of-lumbar-disc-herniation/417732.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Emma Wilson","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What major treatment approaches does the review cover for lumbar disc herniation (LDH)?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The review covers pharmacological management, physical therapy, minimally invasive procedures, open surgical techniques, and emerging biological therapies.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Which emerging biological therapies receive special attention in the review?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It highlights platelet-rich plasma (PRP), bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), and chemonucleolysis for their potential to delay disc degeneration and support tissue repair.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How does artificial intelligence (AI) relate to LDH care according to the review?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The review describes a growing role of AI in diagnosis, surgical planning, prognosis prediction, and rehabilitation monitoring within LDH management.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},417732,1790694068,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":105,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":41,"preview_page_count":4},3848291630094,"https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","TYPE Review  \nPUBLISHED 19 December 2025 DOI 10.3389/fneur.2025.1706784  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY  \nChenlong Yang,  \nPeking University Health Science Center, China  \nREVIEWED BY  \nEdvin Zekaj,  \nGaleazzi Orthopedic Institute (IRCCS), Italy Minhao Zhou,  \nUniversity of California, Berkeley, United States  \nRodica Traistaru,  \nUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania  \n*CORRESPONDENCE  \nLibin Wang  \n [Wanglibin1979@sina.com](Wanglibin1979@sina.com)[ ](Wanglibin1979@sina.com)Ming Chen  \n [ndyfy01837@ncu.edu.cn](ndyfy01837@ncu.edu.cn)[ ](ndyfy01837@ncu.edu.cn)RECEIVED 17 September 2025 REVISED 04 December 2025 ACCEPTED 08 December 2025 PUBLISHED 19 December 2025  \nCITATION  \nTong Y, Yu L, Luo K, Yan X, Chen M and Wang L (2025) Recent advances and evolving strategies in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation.  \nFront. Neurol. 16:1706784 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1706784  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2025 Tong, Yu, Luo, Yan, Chen and Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nRecent advances and evolving strategies in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation  \nYun Tong 1, Lanying Yu 2, Kaifeng Luo 1, Xiong Yan 1, Ming Chen3* and Libin Wang 1*  \n1Department of Pain, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China, 2Hospital Infection Management Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China, 3Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China  \nLumbar disc herniation (LDH) remains a leading cause of low back pain and sciatica, imposing a considerable global health and socioeconomic burden. Over the past decades, substantial progress has been made in both conservative and surgical interventions, yet controversies persist regarding optimal treatment strategies, longterm efficacy, and recurrence prevention. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current therapeutic approaches, including pharmacological management, physical therapy, minimally invasive and open surgical techniques, as well as emerging biological therapies. Special attention is given to platelet-rich plasma (PRP), bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), and chemonucleolysis, which demonstrate potential in delaying disc degeneration and enhancing tissue repair. Moreover, we highlight the growing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnosis, surgical planning, prognosis prediction, and rehabilitation monitoring, along with the increasing emphasis on multidisciplinary team (MDT) management. Finally, we discuss ongoing challenges, such as the need for standardized long-term outcome evaluation, individualized treatment pathways, and the clinical translation of regenerative medicine. By integrating traditional strategies with novel technologies, this review underscores the evolving paradigm of LDH management toward more minimally invasive, personalized, and multidisciplinary approaches.  \nKEYWORDS  \nartificial intelligence, future directions, lumbar disc herniation, minimally invasive surgery, regenerative medicine, treatment trends  \n1 Introduction  \nLumbar disc herniation (LDH) is one of the most common degenerative spinal disorders in clinical practice and represents a leading cause of low back pain and sciatica in adults ( 1) . The annual incidence of LDH with nerve root involvement ranges from 0.2 to 2.7 per 1,000 adults, most frequently affecting individuals between 30 and 50 years of age. Major risk factors include high body mass index (BMI), smoking, and occupations requiring heavy lumbar loading (2). Additionally, ","cbCaiujq8mZywi7I","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiujq8mZywi7I","pdf",966203,"English","# Introduction\n# Evolving treatment strategies for LDH\n## Conservative management and guideline recommendations\n## Minimally invasive and open surgical approaches\n## Emerging therapies and regenerative medicine","[{\"question\":\"What major treatment approaches does the review cover for lumbar disc herniation (LDH)?\",\"answer\":\"The review covers pharmacological management, physical therapy, minimally invasive procedures, open surgical techniques, and emerging biological therapies.\"},{\"question\":\"Which emerging biological therapies receive special attention in the review?\",\"answer\":\"It highlights platelet-rich plasma (PRP), bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), and chemonucleolysis for their potential to delay disc degeneration and support tissue repair.\"},{\"question\":\"How does artificial intelligence (AI) relate to LDH care according to the review?\",\"answer\":\"The review describes a growing role of AI in diagnosis, surgical planning, prognosis prediction, and rehabilitation monitoring within LDH management.\"}]","Recent advances and evolving strategies in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation | PDF",1790610289]