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The Virginia Supreme Court administers the exam, while portions may be conducted through NCBEX under Title III. Virginia’s Disability Act can add rights beyond federal law, and accommodation responsibilities may be joint. The guidance explains how to apply, document impairments, use separate forms for non-standard and medical accommodations, and shows example modifications.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/reasonable-accommodations-under-the-ada-for-the-virginia-bar-exam/320824/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/reasonable-accommodations-under-the-ada-for-the-virginia-bar-exam/320824.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Adam","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What does the ADA require for reasonable accommodations on professional examinations like the bar exam?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The ADA requires examinations or related courses to be offered in an accessible way for individuals with disabilities, or with alternative accessible arrangements. Regulations also require enough accommodations so the exam reflects the applicant’s ability, not the disability.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How do the ADA and the Virginia Disability Act interact for bar exam accommodation rights?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The ADA provides federal coverage, while Virginia’s Disability Act can provide additional protections, rights, and remedies under state law for qualified individuals with disabilities.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What steps should applicants follow when applying for Virginia bar exam accommodations?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Applicants should provide detailed documentation of the disability and specify needed accommodations, apply early, and submit requests using required established procedures. Virginia also requires separate forms for non-standard testing accommodations and medical accommodations.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},320824,1790179967,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":14,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":24,"preview_page_count":4},1374404737137,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","1512 Willow Lawn Dr. Ste. 100, Richmond, VA 23230 [www.dLCV.org](www.dLCV.org)  \nT:800-552-3962 F:804-662-7431  \nReasonable Accommodations under the ADA for the Virginia Bar Exam  \nUnder the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), an individual with a disability has the right to request reasonable accommodations on professional examinations, including state bar exams. The U.S. Department of Justice has issued specific regulations under the ADA that cover highstakes testing, such as the bar exam.  \nADA Coverage of the Bar Exam  \nThe Virginia Supreme Court administers the bar exam, making it a program or activity of state government under Title II of the ADA. In most states, including Virginia, a portion of the bar exam is conducted by a private organization, the National Conference of Bar Examiners (NCBEX), which is covered by Title III of the ADA.  \nTitle III of the ADA states: “Any person that offers examinations or courses related to applications, licensing, certification, or credentialing for secondary or postsecondary education, professional, or trade purposes shall offer such examinations or courses in a place and manner accessible to persons with disabilities or offer alternative accessible arrangements for such individuals. (42 U.S.C. § 12189)  \nAdditionally, 28 C. F. R. § 36.309 requires entities offering examinations to ensure that sufficient accommodations are provided so that the exam reflects the individual's ability, not their disability.  \nVirginia Specific Disability Rights Laws  \nIn addition to the ADA, Virginia has its own disability rights laws. The Virginia Disability Act (VDA) states: “No person with a disability who is otherwise qualified shall, on the basis of their disability, be excluded from participation in, denied the benefits of, or subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving state financial assistance or conducted by or on behalf of any state agency.” (Va. Code § 51.5-40)  \nIt is essential to consider these state-specific laws, as they might provide additional rights or remedies beyond those offered by federal law.  \nThe Role of NCBEX and State Courts  \nWith many states using national exams from NCBEX, there is more uniformity across states in the bar examination process. However, the state ultimately controls the bar examination process and determines accommodations. In some cases, courts have found that both the state entity and NCBEX have joint responsibility for ensuring accommodations.  \nIn Bonner v. District of Columbia Court of Appeals, 796 F. Supp. 2d 164 (D.C. 2011) , the court held that NCBEX was a necessary party in a case where NCBEX rules prevented the District of Columbia Court of Appeals from providing the requested accommodation.  \nIt is also possible that an applicant to the bar in multiple states may have their requested accommodation granted in one state and rejected in another, In Oliver v. Virginia Board of Bar Examiners, 312 F. Supp. 3d 515 (E.D. Va. 2018) , the applicant received accommodationsin Michigan that were denied in Virginia.  \nLegal Challenges and the Rooker-Feldman Doctrine  \nIndividuals seeking to challenge a denial of accommodations might encounter obstacles due to the Rooker-Feldman doctrine, which prohibits federal courts from reviewing state court decisions, may need to appeal within the state system rather than turning to federal court. A decision denying reasonable accommodations can be appealed to the Virginia Supreme Court.  \nApplying for Accommodations  \nApplicants should take note of the following when applying for bar exam accommodations:  \n1. Detail and Documentation: Applicants must provide detailed information about their disability and the specific accommodations needed. It is advisable to submit alternative requests if the preferred accommodation is deemed unfeasible. Under the ADA, entities offering the bar exam may request reasonable information necessary to decide whether to grant an accommodation. Sufficient documentation","cbCaio5dDWRj5i6k","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaio5dDWRj5i6k","pdf",166892,"English","# ADA Coverage of the Bar Exam\n## Virginia Specific Disability Rights Laws\n## The Role of NCBEX and State Courts\n## Legal Challenges and the Rooker-Feldman Doctrine\n## Applying for Accommodations\n## Examples of Reasonable Modifications","[{\"question\":\"What does the ADA require for reasonable accommodations on professional examinations like the bar exam?\",\"answer\":\"The ADA requires examinations or related courses to be offered in an accessible way for individuals with disabilities, or with alternative accessible arrangements. Regulations also require enough accommodations so the exam reflects the applicant’s ability, not the disability.\"},{\"question\":\"How do the ADA and the Virginia Disability Act interact for bar exam accommodation rights?\",\"answer\":\"The ADA provides federal coverage, while Virginia’s Disability Act can provide additional protections, rights, and remedies under state law for qualified individuals with disabilities.\"},{\"question\":\"What steps should applicants follow when applying for Virginia bar exam accommodations?\",\"answer\":\"Applicants should provide detailed documentation of the disability and specify needed accommodations, apply early, and submit requests using required established procedures. Virginia also requires separate forms for non-standard testing accommodations and medical accommodations.\"}]","Reasonable Accommodations under the ADA for the Virginia Bar Exam | PDF",1789953775]