[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-109202-en":3,"doc-seo-109202-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":96},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},109202,34359740700684,"Finn","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1f400023980c374ae676?_k=1777273430885731487",8,"Research & Report","Realizing the Potential of Pakistan’s Secondary Cities - Main Report - June 2024","Realizing the Potential of Pakistan’s Secondary Cities (Main report, June 2024) examines how Pakistan’s secondary cities can contribute to balanced national and provincial urban development. The report defines and identifies secondary cities within the country’s urban system, analyzes drivers of growth through natural increase and migration, and explores spatial expansion toward emergent metropolitan regions. It assesses municipal infrastructure and service delivery gaps—covering water supply, sanitation, solid waste, roads, transit, and public spaces—then evaluates climate risks and resilience needs, including flooding and heatwaves. It also outlines institutional arrangements and governance, reviews municipal finance through revenues, transfers, expenditures, and offers recommendations across five pillars: strengthening institutions, enhancing municipal finance, improving planning and connectivity, investing in climate-smart infrastructure, and mainstreaming climate resilience and disaster risk mitigation.","Realizing the Potential of Pakistan’s Secondary Cities i  \nRealizing the Potential of Pakistan’s Secondary Cities  \nMain Report  \nJune 2024  \nPub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nRealizing the Potential of Pakistan’s Secondary Cities  \nMain report June 2024  \n© 2024 World Bank, 1818 H Street, N.W. , Washington D.C. , 20433, U.S.A.  \n[www.worldbank.org](www.worldbank.org)  \nRights and Permissions  \nThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because the World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for non-commercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given.  \nAny queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522- 2625; e-mail: [pubrights@worldbank.org](pubrights@worldbank.org).  \nFront Page Photo Credit: Abdullah Asad / Pexels.  \nDisclaimer  \nThis work is a product of the staff of the World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes, and other information shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citation of works authored by others does not mean the World Bank endorses the views expressed by those authors or the content of their works.  \niv Realizing the Potential of Pakistan’s Secondary Cities  \nTable of Contents  \nTables viii  \nBoxes viii  \nFigures ix  \nAcknowledgements x  \nAbbreviations xi  \nExecutive Summary 2  \nBackground 2  \nRecommendations 5  \n1. Introduction 12  \n2. Defining and Identifying Pakistan’s Secondary Cities 20  \n3. Urbanization, Spatial Expansion, and the Urban System 28  \nDrivers of Demographic Growth: Natural Increase and Migration 28  \nSpatial Expansion and Emergent Metropolitan Regions:  \n“The Urbanization of Everybody” 32  \nThe Significance of Secondary Cities in National  \nand Provincial Urban Systems 35  \n4. Municipal Infrastructure and Services in the  \nSecondary Cities 40  \nInfrastructure and Service Delivery 40  \nWater supply 40  \nSanitation and drainage 41  \nRealizing the Potential of Pakistan’s Secondary Cities v  \nSolid waste management 42  \nRoads and street lighting 42  \nTransit and urban mobility 43  \nParks and natural assets 44  \nKey Infrastructure and Service Delivery Deficits 44  \n5. Climate Resilience 48  \nThe Institutional and Organizational Setup for Urban Resilience 48  \nExisting Policies and Plans Addressing Climate Change and Disaster Risk  \nReduction 49  \nClimate change 49  \nDisaster risk reduction 49  \nPlanning instruments to address urban risks 50  \nUrban Climate Risks in the Secondary Cities 51  \nFluvial flooding 51  \nPluvial flooding 52  \nDrought 53  \nHeatwaves 54  \nEnvironmental hazards 54  \n6. Institutional and Organizational Arrangements 58  \nDevelopment Planning 59  \nMunicipal Infrastructure and Services and Local Regulation 59  \nBuilding authorization and control 62  \nWater, wastewater, and solid waste management 62  \nRoads 63  \nPublic transportation 63  \nPublic spaces 63  \nBusiness and economic environment 64  \nUrban environment and climate change resilience 64  \nDisaster management 64  \nInclusiveness 64  \nAdministration of Own Source Revenue 64  \nvi Realizing the Potential of Pakistan’s Secondary Cities  \n7. Munici","cbCaisvpu1NpP7cA","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisvpu1NpP7cA","pdf",6654855,4,1,106,"English","en",105,"# Executive Summary\n# Background\n# Recommendations\n# 1. Introduction\n# 2. Defining and Identifying Pakistan’s Secondary Cities\n# 3. Urbanization, Spatial Expansion, and the Urban System\n# 4. Municipal Infrastructure and Services in the Secondary Cities\n# 5. Climate Resilience\n# 6. Institutional and Organizational Arrangements\n# 7. Municipal Finance\n# 8. Conclusions and Recommendations","[{\"question\":\"What does the report define and cover regarding Pakistan’s secondary cities?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on defining and identifying Pakistan’s secondary cities and explaining their significance within national and provincial urban systems. It also analyzes urbanization patterns and spatial expansion linked to demographic drivers.\"},{\"question\":\"Which municipal infrastructure and service areas are assessed in the report?\",\"answer\":\"The report reviews infrastructure and service delivery, including water supply, sanitation and drainage, solid waste management, roads and street lighting, transit and urban mobility, and parks and natural assets. It highlights key deficits affecting service delivery.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the report address climate resilience and disaster risk in secondary cities?\",\"answer\":\"It examines the institutional and organizational setup for urban resilience, existing policies and plans, and specific urban climate risks such as fluvial and pluvial flooding, drought, heatwaves, and other environmental hazards.\"},{\"question\":\"What recommendations and pillars does the report propose?\",\"answer\":\"The report provides recommendations for Pakistan and for secondary cities, organized into five pillars: strengthening urban institutions, enhancing municipal finance, strengthening urban/spatial/connectivity planning, investing in climate-smart municipal infrastructure and services, and mainstreaming climate resilience and disaster risk mitigation.\"}]","Realizing the Potential of Pakistan’s Secondary Cities - Main Report - June 2024 | PDF",1784477805,267,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":91,"head_meta":93,"extra_data":95,"updated_unix":29},"realizing-the-potential-of-pakistans-secondary-cities-main-report-june-2024","",{"@graph":37,"@context":90},[38,54,69],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,49,52],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":50,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":53,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/realizing-the-potential-of-pakistans-secondary-cities-main-report-june-2024/109202/",{"url":53,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":42,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-29","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82,86],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"What does the report define and cover regarding Pakistan’s secondary cities?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"It focuses on defining and identifying Pakistan’s secondary cities and explaining their significance within national and provincial urban systems. It also analyzes urbanization patterns and spatial expansion linked to demographic drivers.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"Which municipal infrastructure and service areas are assessed in the report?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"The report reviews infrastructure and service delivery, including water supply, sanitation and drainage, solid waste management, roads and street lighting, transit and urban mobility, and parks and natural assets. It highlights key deficits affecting service delivery.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"How does the report address climate resilience and disaster risk in secondary cities?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"It examines the institutional and organizational setup for urban resilience, existing policies and plans, and specific urban climate risks such as fluvial and pluvial flooding, drought, heatwaves, and other environmental hazards.",{"name":87,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":88},"What recommendations and pillars does the report propose?",{"text":89,"@type":77},"The report provides recommendations for Pakistan and for secondary cities, organized into five pillars: strengthening urban institutions, enhancing municipal finance, strengthening urban/spatial/connectivity planning, investing in climate-smart municipal infrastructure and services, and mainstreaming climate resilience and disaster risk mitigation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":53,"og:type":92,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":94,"canonical":53},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":97},[98,102,106,110,115,120,125,128,133,136,140],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":48,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":121,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":122,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":124},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},30,"research-report",{"id":129,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":132},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":134,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":135},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":137,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":138,"show_sort_weight":137,"slug":139},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":141,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":142,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":143},19,"General","general"]