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Readability was assessed using validated metrics including word and sentence counts, word/sentence ratio, Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, SMOG Index, and measures of difficult words. Results showed ChatGPT produced shorter prose with fewer sentences and fewer difficult words, while overall readability scores were largely comparable. The study concludes ChatGPT may aid rapid orientation but should supplement, not replace, established peer-reviewed resources.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/readability-comparison-of-ai-generated-versus-uptodate-educational-content-on-stroke-management-a-cross-sectional-study/461672/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/readability-comparison-of-ai-generated-versus-uptodate-educational-content-on-stroke-management-a-cross-sectional-study/461672.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"anakgang17","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-07","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the study’s objective?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To compare the readability and linguistic complexity of stroke educational content generated by ChatGPT (GPT-4o) versus content retrieved from UpToDate using validated readability metrics.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were the readability measures evaluated?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study analyzed only prose content and assessed total word count, sentence count, word/sentence ratio, Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, SMOG Index, and difficult word count and percentage.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did the results show about length and readability?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"UpToDate was substantially longer and used more sentences and difficult words than ChatGPT. However, statistically significant differences were not observed for FRE, FKGL, SMOG Index, or difficult word percentage.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},461672,1790874115,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962090883568,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Review began 11/05/2025  \nReview ended 12/06/2025  \nPublished 12/10/2025  \n© Copyright 2025  \nDing et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0. , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited.  \nDOI: 10.7759/cureus.98901  \nOpen Access Original Article  \nReadability Comparison of AI-Generated Versus UpToDate Educational Content on Stroke Management: A Cross-Sectional Study  \nSaow Renn Ding 1 , Mohammed Ahmed 2, Tazeen Malik 3 , Rashmitha Somagani 4, Faizaan Farukh Vohra 5  \n1. Medicine, St. George’s University School of Medicine, St. George, GRD 2. Stroke/Neurology, Salford Royal Hospital, Greater Manchester, GBR 3. Neurology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, USA 4. Neurology, Employees 'State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) Medical College and Hospital, Hyderabad, IND 5. Emergency, Sterling Hospital, Vadodara, IND  \nCorresponding author: Faizaan Farukh Vohra, [faizaanvohra99@gmail.com](faizaanvohra99@gmail.com)  \nAbstract  \nIntroduction  \nStroke is a major cause of global morbidity and mortality. Readability of educational material is critical for rapid clinical decision-making among healthcare professionals. UpToDate (UpToDate, Inc., Waltham, MA) is a widely used, peer-reviewed point-of-care clinical resource, while ChatGPT (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA) isan emerging AI-based educational support tool. However, a formal comparison of their linguistic accessibility has not been performed.  \nObjective  \nTo compare the readability and linguistic complexity of educational material on stroke generated by ChatGPT (GPT-4o) versus content retrieved from UpToDate, using validated readability metrics.  \nDesign, setting, and participants  \nThis cross-sectional study was conducted between May 27 and June 4, 2025. ChatGPT (GPT-4o, accessed May 27, 2025) was prompted to generate educational content on stroke. A corresponding section from UpToDate (accessed May 27, 2025) was extracted. Only prose content was analyzed. Readability parameters assessed included total word count, sentence count, word/sentence ratio (average words per sentence), Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) Index, difficult word count, and difficult word percentage. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS v25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) and R v4.3.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) . The Mann-Whitney U test was used. P \u003C 0 .05 was considered statistically significant.  \nResults  \nUpToDate content was substantially longer (median = 2772 vs. 304 words; p = 0 .008) and used more sentences (median = 134 vs. 23; p = 0 .032) and difficult words (median = 857 vs. 88; p = 0 .008) compared to ChatGPT. The word/sentence ratio (average words per sentence) was also higher (21 .7 vs. 13.2 ; p = 0 .008) . However, no statistically significant differences were observed for FRE (p = 1.000), FKGL (p = 0 .222), SMOG Index (p = 0 . 151), or difficult word percentage (p = 0 .690) .  \nConclusions  \nChatGPT produces shorter and more concise educational content on stroke while maintaining comparable readability to UpToDate. The lower linguistic density may enhance rapid orientation for trainees; however, the reduced depth indicates ChatGPT should supplement, not replace, established peer-reviewed resources. Future research should explore multiple medical topics, additional AI models, and assess the clinical applicability and accuracy of AI-generated content.  \nCategories: Anatomy, Allergy/Immunology, Anesthesiology  \nKeywords: artificial intelligence, chatgpt, medical education, readability score, stroke, uptodate  \nIntroduction  \nStroke is currently the world’s third-leading cause of death and disability combined, accounting for an  \nestimated 7.3 million deaths and 160 million disability-adjusted life-years in 2021; global prevalence  \nreached ","cbCaifCtiIlwuCWd","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifCtiIlwuCWd","pdf",602182,"English","# Introduction\n## Objective\n## Design, setting, and participants\n## Results\n## Conclusions\n# References / How to cite","[{\"question\":\"What was the study’s objective?\",\"answer\":\"To compare the readability and linguistic complexity of stroke educational content generated by ChatGPT (GPT-4o) versus content retrieved from UpToDate using validated readability metrics.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the readability measures evaluated?\",\"answer\":\"The study analyzed only prose content and assessed total word count, sentence count, word/sentence ratio, Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, SMOG Index, and difficult word count and percentage.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the results show about length and readability?\",\"answer\":\"UpToDate was substantially longer and used more sentences and difficult words than ChatGPT. However, statistically significant differences were not observed for FRE, FKGL, SMOG Index, or difficult word percentage.\"}]","Readability Comparison of AI-Generated Versus UpToDate Educational Content on Stroke Management - A Cross-Sectional Study | PDF",1790762116,15]