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Method: an open cluster-randomized trial compared face-to-face theory and practice supported by information and communication technology for remote theory and examination, followed by in-person practice. Twelve health facilities were assigned by blocked randomization; analyses adjusted for clustering. Primary outcome: proportion of infants with heart rate ≤100/min at the second minute after birth. 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Delgado  a,b,c,* , Enrique Gmez Pomar  d,e, Pablo Velsquez  a,b,c,f, Víctor Snchez  a,b,c, Roberto Shimabuku  a,c,y, Luis Huicho  c,g  \na Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Research Group in Neonatology (NEO), Lima, Peru  \nb Instituto Nacional de Salud del Ni~no, Neonatal Unit, Lima, Peru  \nc Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Centro de Investigacin para el Desarrollo Integral y Sostenible (CIDIS) and Centro de Investigacin en Salud Materna e Infantil (MAMAWAWA), Lima, Peru  \nd University of Kentucky, Department of Pediatrics, Lexington, KY, USA e St Bernards Regional Medical Center, Jonesboro, AR, USA  \nf Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Neonatal Unit, Lima, Peru g Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Faculty of Medicine, Lima, Peru  \nReceived 9 February 2025; accepted 22 April 2025 Available online 19 June 2025  \nKEYWORDS Infant;  \nNewborn; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Staff development; Simulation training  \nAbstract  \nObjective: To assess the effects of a neonatal resuscitation training program using traditional training and partial distance learning.  \nMethod: Through an open cluster-randomized trial, the authors compared a traditional approach involving face-to-face theory and practice sessions using information and communication technology to offer theory and distance examination, followed by face-to-face practice. Twelve health facilities were allocated by blocked randomization. Comparisons were made adjusting for clustering in qualitative and quantitative data. The primary outcome was the percentage of infants with heart rates 􀀁100 per minute at the second minute after birth. The  \nInstitution or service with which the work is associated for indexing in Index Medicus/MEDLINE, City, Country: Research Group in Neonatology (NEO), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.  \nThe manuscript was presented as a poster in the 7mo Simpc¸o Neonatal, 2018 Meeting, April 5􀀂7, in Foz de Iguacu, Brazil. Poster Title: Uso de tecnologias de informac¸o e comunicac¸o para treinamento em reanimac¸o neonatal em reas remotas. Poster number: PC-047 . It also was presented as a poster in the Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) 2024 Meeting, May 2􀀂6, in Toronto, Canada. Abstract Title: The RCPNEOPERU Trial: A cluster randomized pilot trial to assess traditional neonatal resuscitation compared to partially virtual training in remote areas. Abstract ID: 1681792; Session Title: Global Neonatal & Children’s Health 1, Session Type: Poster Session; Ses  \nsion Date: Friday, May 3, 2024 .  \n* Corresponding author.  \nE-mail: [cdelgadob1@unmsm.edu.pe](cdelgadob1@unmsm.edu.pe) (C.A. Delgado).  \ny Deceased  \n[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2025.04.008](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2025.04.008)  \n0021-7557/© 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. on behalf of Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)).  \nauthors performed a cluster-level analysis for cluster randomized trials, simplifying the adjustment for individual-and cluster-level covariates.  \nResults: The authors trained 403 health professionals in two arms in twelve facilities. After six months, the authors assessed 2180 birth deliveries, 966 newborns in the traditional training group (TT), and 1214 in the partial distance learning training group (pDL) . The authors found no statistical evidence favoring any of the two trial arms (RR = 0.9859, CI 95 % = 0.9446; 1.0292, p = 0.4819) . Conclusions: The authors found no statistical evidence favoring traditional or dista","cbCaiivHboLOwL9G","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiivHboLOwL9G","pdf",309111,"English","# Introduction\n# Method\n# Results\n# Conclusions","[{\"question\":\"What is the main objective of the RCPNEOPERU trial?\",\"answer\":\"To assess the effects of neonatal resuscitation training using a traditional approach compared with partially virtual (distance-learning) training in remote areas.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the training approaches implemented in the trial?\",\"answer\":\"The traditional arm used face-to-face theory and practice, while the partially distance learning arm used ICT to deliver theory and a distance examination, followed by face-to-face practice.\"},{\"question\":\"What was the primary outcome measure?\",\"answer\":\"The percentage of infants with heart rate ≤100 per minute at the second minute after birth.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the key findings and conclusion?\",\"answer\":\"After training professionals across twelve facilities and assessing births and newborn outcomes, there was no statistical evidence favoring either training arm. Further research may evaluate improved online platforms to support sustained virtual interaction for theory, practice, and testing.\"}]","RCPNEOPERU trial - cluster randomized pilot trial to assess traditional neonatal resuscitation compared to partially virtual training in remote areas | PDF",1790753182,23]