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Circulating exosomes offer diagnostic potential, yet existing electrochemical exosome assays remain limited by sensitivity and specificity. This study combines a ratiometric biosensor with an OR logic gate to profile exosome surface proteins from clinical serum using aptamers targeting EpCAM and CEA. The assay enables ultrasensitive detection in complex serum, supports early-stage diagnostics, and improves assessment for diagnosis, staging, and prognosis to facilitate exosome-based liquid biopsy in clinics.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/ratiometric-electrochemical-or-gate-assay-for-nsclc-derived-exosomes/380961/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ratiometric-electrochemical-or-gate-assay-for-nsclc-derived-exosomes/380961.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Himbo","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are exosomes important for NSCLC diagnosis?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Circulating exosomes can act as valuable biomarker carriers for NSCLC detection. 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Journal of Nanobiotechnology (2023) 21:104  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-023-01833-2](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-023-01833-2)  \nJournal of Nanobiotechnology  \n RESEARCH Open Access  \nRatiometric electrochemical OR gate assay   for NSCLC-derived exosomes  \nFanyu Meng1,2†, Wenjun Yu1†, Minjia Niu2†, Xiaoting Tian2, Yayou Miao2, Xvelian Li2, Yan Zhou2, Lifang Ma 1, Xiao Zhang2, Kun Qian3, Yongchun Yu1,2*, Jiayi Wang1,2* and Lin Huang1,2*  \nAbstract  \nNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common pathological type of LC and ranks as the leading cause of cancer deaths. Circulating exosomes have emerged as a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis of NSCLC, while the performance of current electrochemical assays for exosome detection is constrained by unsatisfactory sensitivity and specificity. Here we integrated a ratiometric biosensor with an OR logic gate to form an assay for surface protein profiling of exosomes from clinical serum samples. By using the specific aptamers for recognition of clinically validated biomarkers (EpCAM and CEA), the assay enabled ultrasensitive detection of trace levels of NSCLC-derived exosomes in complex serum samples (15 .1 particles μL−1 within a linear range of 102–108 particles μL−1) . The assay outperformed the analysis of six serum biomarkers for the accurate diagnosis, staging, and prognosis of NSCLC, displaying a diagnostic sensitivity of 93. 3% even at an early stage (Stage I) . The assay provides an advanced tool for exosome quantification and facilitates exosome-based liquid biopsies for cancer management in clinics.  \nKeywords Ratiometric biosensor, OR logic gate, Exosomes, Non-small cell lung cancer, Clinical diagnostics  \n†Fanyu Meng, Wenjun Yu and Minjia Niu have contributed equally to this work  \n*Correspondence: Yongchun Yu [yyc2166@sjtu.edu.cn](yyc2166@sjtu.edu.cn)[ ](yyc2166@sjtu.edu.cn)Jiayi Wang [jiayi.wang@sjtu.edu.cn](jiayi.wang@sjtu.edu.cn)[ ](jiayi.wang@sjtu.edu.cn)Lin Huang [linhuang@shsmu.edu.cn](linhuang@shsmu.edu.cn)  \nFull list of author information is available at the end of the article  \n© The Author(s) 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ()[. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ()[http://creativeco](http://creativeco)[mmons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/](mmons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.  \nMeng et al. Journal of Nanobiotechnology (2023) 21:104 Page 2 of 15  \n\n| Graphical Abstract |\n| --- |\n| |\n|  |\n\nIntroduction  \nLung cancer (LC) ranks top among all malignancies, leading to a quarter of cancer-related deaths, according to World Health Organization [1]. In particular, non-smallcell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) constitutes about ~ 85% of LC cases, showing a 5-year survival rate as low as 10–15% only [2–4]. Early diagnosis of NSCLC reduces disease mortality with an enhanced five-year survival rate of up to 85%, and precise staging a","cbCaieahZZdx2kdK","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieahZZdx2kdK","pdf",2135840,15,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"Why are exosomes important for NSCLC diagnosis?\",\"answer\":\"Circulating exosomes can act as valuable biomarker carriers for NSCLC detection. Their surface content reflects disease states, enabling liquid-biopsy approaches.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the core design of the proposed assay?\",\"answer\":\"The assay integrates a ratiometric biosensor with an OR logic gate. It uses aptamers that recognize clinically validated biomarkers EpCAM and CEA.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the assay perform in early-stage NSCLC?\",\"answer\":\"It achieves diagnostic sensitivity of 93.3% even at an early stage (Stage I). It also supports diagnosis, staging, and prognosis using serum samples.\"}]","Ratiometric electrochemical OR gate assay - for NSCLC-derived exosomes | PDF",1790242957,38]