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The Federalists supported centralized authority, while the Antifederalists preferred greater state independence, arguing from “We the People” and fears of lost liberties. In response to widespread demands, Congress adopted amendments that became the Bill of Rights, securing freedoms and legal protections.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/ratification-and-the-bill-of-rights-reading-questions/611879/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ratification-and-the-bill-of-rights-reading-questions/611879.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Emma Wilson","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-10-19",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why was the Constitution not effective immediately after signing?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"State conventions still had to ratify it in enough states before it could become effective.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What did the Federalists and Antifederalists disagree about?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Federalists favored a strong central government, while Antifederalists preferred a looser association of separate states and raised concerns about individual rights.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did the first Congress do regarding individual rights?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It quickly adopted 12 amendments to protect individual rights, and by December 1791, enough states ratified 10 of them to become part of the Constitution as the Bill of Rights.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},611879,1793044053,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":14,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":24,"preview_page_count":4},3848291630094,"https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Name:   Date:   Class:    \nRatification and the Bill of Rights  \nOn September 17, 1787, after 16 weeks of deliberation, the finished Constitution was signed by 39 of the 42 delegates present. Franklin, pointing to the half‑sun painted in brilliant gold on the back of Washington's chair, said:  \nI have often in the course of the session ... looked at that [chair] behind the president, without being able to tell whether it was rising or setting; but now, at length, I have the happiness to know that it is a rising, and not a setting, sun.  \nThe convention was over; the members \"adjourned to the City Tavern, dined together, and took a cordial leave of each other.\" Yet a crucial part of the struggle for a more perfect union remained to be faced. The consent of popularly elected state conventions was still required before the document could become effective.  \nThe convention had decided that the Constitution would take effect upon ratification by conventions in nine of the 13 states. By June 1788 the required nine states had ratified the Constitution, but the large states of Virginia and New York had not. Most people felt that without their support the Constitution would never be honored. To many, the document seemed full of dangers: Would not the strong central government that it established tyrannize them, oppress them with heavy taxes, and drag them into wars?  \nDiffering views on these questions brought into existence two parties, the Federalists, who favored a strong central government, and the Antifederalists, who preferred a loose association of separate states. Impassioned arguments on both sides  \nwere voiced by the press, the legislatures, and the state conventions.  \nIn Virginia, the Antifederalists attacked the proposed new government by challenging the opening phrase of the Constitution: \"We the People of the United States.\" Without using the individual state names in the Constitution, the delegates argued, the states would not retain their separate rights or powers. Virginia Antifederalists were led by Patrick Henry, who became the chief spokesman for backcountry farmers who feared the powers of the new central government. Wavering delegates were persuaded by a proposal that the Virginia convention recommend a bill of rights, and Antifederalists joined with the Federalists to ratify the Constitution on June 25.  \nIn New York, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison pushed for the ratification of the Constitution in a series of essays known as The Federalist Papers. The essays, published in New York newspapers, provided a now-classic argument for a central federal government, with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches that checked and balanced one another. With The Federalist Papers influencing the New York delegates, the Constitution was ratified on July 26 .  \nAntipathy toward a strong central government was only one concern among those opposed to the Constitution; of equal concern to many was the fear that the Constitution did not protect individual rights and freedoms sufficiently. Virginian George Mason, author of Virginia's Declaration of Rights of 1776, was one of three delegates to the Constitutional Convention who had refused to sign the final document because it did not enumerate individual rights. Together with Patrick Henry, he campaigned  \nFree K-12 Worksheets and More [www.STUDENTHANDOUTS.com](www.STUDENTHANDOUTS.com)  \nName:   Date:   Class:    \nvigorously against ratification of the Constitution by Virginia. Indeed, five states, including Massachusetts, ratified the Constitution on the condition that such amendments be added immediately.  \nWhen the first Congress convened in New York City in September 1789, the calls for amendments protecting individual rights were virtually unanimous. Congress quickly adopted 12 such amendments; by December 1791, enough states had ratified 10 amendments to make them part of the Constitution. Collectively, they are known asthe Bill of Rights. Amo","cbCairnzLvJUVRaV","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairnzLvJUVRaV","pdf",136156,"English","# Ratification and the Bill of Rights\n## Ratification process and state debates\n## Virginia and New York campaigns\n## The Bill of Rights and key amendments\n## Reading questions","[{\"question\":\"Why was the Constitution not effective immediately after signing?\",\"answer\":\"State conventions still had to ratify it in enough states before it could become effective.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the Federalists and Antifederalists disagree about?\",\"answer\":\"Federalists favored a strong central government, while Antifederalists preferred a looser association of separate states and raised concerns about individual rights.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the first Congress do regarding individual rights?\",\"answer\":\"It quickly adopted 12 amendments to protect individual rights, and by December 1791, enough states ratified 10 of them to become part of the Constitution as the Bill of Rights.\"}]","Ratification and the Bill of Rights - reading questions | PDF",1792382354]