[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-133995-en":3,"doc-seo-133995-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},133995,1374402524268,"Berry Peter","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2",8,"Research & Report","Ramifications of Black Magic in Pakistan - Research paper","The paper traces the history, worldwide prevalence, and social penetration of black magic, then examines its specific presence in Pakistan. It focuses on socio-cultural consequences of black-magic spells in certain localities, and investigates why individuals resort to these practices and how the alleged effects extend across people and communities. Findings point to revenge-driven attitudes, weak religious belief, insufficient education and knowledge, and increasing irresponsible media influence as key drivers of this social machination.","RAMIFICATIONS OF BLACK MAGIC IN PAKISTAN  \nDr. Shamim Soomro  \nMashooq Ali Khowaja  \nGhulam Ali Buriro  \nABSTRACT  \nThe paper traces out history and prevalence of black magic around the world and investigates its pervasiveness in Pakistan. The paper is geared toward examining the socio-cultural implications of the spells of black magic rampant in some localities of Pakistan and attempts to identify reasons why people resort to this practice with its apparent effects on people and societies. Findings suggest that this social machination is employed on account of revenge seeking attitude, weak belief in religion, lack of education and knowledge as well as the growing irresponsible attitude of media  \nBACKGROUND  \nConventionally, black magic has been considered as the application of supernatural powers for purposes which tend to be wicked, selfish and sinful (Melton, 2001) . Black Magic (kalajadu) is a type of occult art that has been known and practised for several centuries. It has been prevalent across different cultures and regions of the world. Magic has been professed and carried out by people ever since the beginning of history. It is believed that magic evolved due to a growing need to have power over the environment and surroundings, which in the beginning of mankind were quite unfriendly and threatening. There were several aspects of the world which used to bewilder human beings including sky, death, birth, illness, stars, life. Early human beings believed these features to be mysterious but potent forces. Endeavours to comprehend and explain the mysteries of the earth alongside attempts to control them led to the rise of several magical practices, habits and customs in order to control the forces of weather in addition to movement of death, illness, fertility and other apparently unmanageable forces.  \nAs magic evolved over the centuries, it took on numerous forms comprising: shamanistic magic - which primarily entails departing the body and communicating with spirits of other worlds; voodoo-a combination of Christianity, West African religions and local beliefs prevalent in the islands of West Indies during the era of slave trade; witchcraft – sprung up as an amalgamation of numerous folk cultural and religious practices originating from the myths of middle ages; Satanism – involving worshipping the Satan (Shaitan) .  \nThere are basically three forms of magic – thaumaturgy, sympathetic magic and divination. Thaumaturgy is related to miracles and involves moving beyond the laws of nature and entails activities such as magical cure, curses and blessings. Sympathetic magic is associated with the idea of ‘like for like’; for example, a doll being representative of someone whom the practitioner can harm by harming the doll itself. Divination is another form of magical practice that is associated with looking into the future, by employing tools such as bones, cards, runes, animal intestines, etc.(Drury & Tillett, 1977) .  \nDESCRIPTION  \nBlack Magic primarily entails bringing harm to others. It has strong connections with the Satan. It is made use of, to invite the powers of wickedness and darkness with an endeavour to take control of natural forces by the means of invocations, chants, spellsand other techniques. On the other hand, there exists white magic, which is regarded as the opposite of black magic and is considered to be not harmful to others. As far as black magic is concerned, there are believers as well as unbelievers. Black Magic is practised in several conventional cultural as well as religious groups. It prevails in Asian, Arabian, American as well as Mediterranean cultures (Whitcomb, 1999) .  \nOver the years, black magic has been practised in South Asia as well including Pakistan. With reference to Pakistan, black magic is fundamentally practised through tying of knots in connection with the name of the victim and what the practitioner wishes to be done to that person, for instance, making that person fall ill","cbCaippzgvil9kzF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaippzgvil9kzF","pdf",220890,2,1,14,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n# Background\n## Origins and forms of magic\n## Core categories of magical practices\n# Description\n## Beliefs and mechanisms\n## Differentiating sihr, evil eye, and jinn control\n# Prevalence in Pakistan\n## Observed patterns and social context","[{\"question\":\"What does the paper examine about black magic in Pakistan?\",\"answer\":\"It traces black magic’s history and prevalence and investigates its pervasiveness in Pakistan, especially the socio-cultural implications of spells in some localities.\"},{\"question\":\"Why do people resort to black magic according to the paper’s findings?\",\"answer\":\"The paper attributes it to revenge-seeking attitudes, weak belief in religion, lack of education and knowledge, and growing irresponsible behavior by the media.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the paper distinguish black magic from related concepts like sihr, evil eye, or jinn control?\",\"answer\":\"It explains that effects must be assessed through the victim’s emotions, moods, dreams, and attitudes, and it notes that ‘sihr,’ spells, evil eye (nazar/ein), and jinn control (mas-h) have some similarities in cure approaches while being conceptually different.\"}]","Ramifications of Black Magic in Pakistan - 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