[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108551-en":3,"doc-seo-108551-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":93},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},108551,8796095461564,"Liam","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",8,"Research & Report","Raising the Performance of Higher Education in Sudan","Policy note prepared for the World Bank’s Support to Education Policy Reforms in Sudan initiative, outlining the current state and main determinants of higher education performance in Sudan. It documents progress and constraints across education attainment and equity, quality and relevance, and the capacity for research and technology transfer. The note then proposes options to revitalize the system, including a future vision, recovery measures after COVID-19, improved access and equity, quality enhancement, strengthened governance and financing strategy.","Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nPolicy Note  \nRAISING  \nTHE PERFORMANCE OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN SUDAN  \nFebruary 2021  \nAcknowledgements  \nThis policy note has been prepared by a team as part ofthe World Bank’s analytical and advisory services project Support to Education Policy Reforms in Sudan. The team was led by Lianqin Wang and Tanya Savrimootoo and included Jamil Salmi and Dharini Natarajan as authors. The policy note benefited from the overall guidance of Safaa El-Kogali (Education Practice Manager, Eastern and Southern Africa) and Milena Petrova Stefanova (Country Manager, Sudan) . This note is part of a series of policy notes which were reviewed by peer reviewers Samer AlSamarrai, Harsha Aturupane, Tazeen Fasih, Laura Gregory, Elizabeth Ninan, Tigran Shmis, and Jeffrey Waite whose feedback contributed to their quality.  \nThis policy note was developed following discussions during a visit by the World Bank team to Sudan in February 2020, and subsequent meetings and consultations with the Government, universities, development partners, and other stakeholders in Sudan. The World Bank team is grateful for all the support received and extends its special appreciation to H.E. Intisar El-Zein Soughayroun, Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research, and H.E. Sami Mohamed Sharif, Undersecretary for the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research for their guidance and close collaboration on this work.  \nDisclaimer:  \nThis note is a product of the staff and consultants ofThe World Bank. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in the note do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors ofThe World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this note do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \nAcknowledgements 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 2 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 4  \nAcronyms 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 4 Executive Summary 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 5 1 􀀮 Introduction 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 8  \n1 􀀮1 􀀮 Background 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 8  \n1 􀀮 2 􀀮 Purpose of the Policy Note􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 9  \n1 􀀮 3 􀀮 Methodology and Scope 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 9  \n1 􀀮 4 􀀮 Organization of the Policy Note 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 9 2 􀀮 Current Performance of the Sudanese Higher Education System 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 9  \n2 􀀮1 􀀮 Education Attainment and Equity 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 9  \n2 􀀮 2 􀀮 Quality and Relevance 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 13  \n2 􀀮 3 􀀮 Research and Technology Transfer 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 13 3 􀀮 Main Determinants Explaining the Performance of the Sudanese Higher Education System  \n􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 􀀮 15  \n3 􀀮1 􀀮 Determinants of Expansion ","cbCainZ3Z0UByZqV","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainZ3Z0UByZqV","pdf",1396598,5,1,50,"English","en",105,"# Executive Summary\n# Introduction\n## Background\n## Purpose of the Policy Note\n## Methodology and Scope\n## Organization of the Policy Note\n# Current Performance of the Sudanese Higher Education System\n## Education Attainment and Equity\n## Quality and Relevance\n## Research and Technology Transfer\n# Main Determinants Explaining the Performance of the Sudanese Higher Education System\n## Determinants of Expansion\n## Determinants of Quality, Relevance and Quality Assurance\n## Governance and Management Issues\n# Options for Revitalizing the Sudanese Higher Education System\n## Defining a Vision for the Future\n## Mitigating the Impact of COVID-19\n## Increasing Access and Equity\n## Improving Quality and Relevance\n## Strengthening Research and Technology Transfer Capacity\n## Modernizing Governance and Management\n## Elaborating a Sustainable Financing Strategy\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of this policy note on Sudan’s higher education?\",\"answer\":\"It analyzes the current performance and key determinants of Sudan’s higher education system to inform policy options for revitalization.\"},{\"question\":\"Which areas of performance does the note examine?\",\"answer\":\"It covers education attainment and equity, quality and relevance, and the capacity for research and technology transfer.\"},{\"question\":\"What strategies does the note recommend to improve higher education?\",\"answer\":\"Recommendations include defining a future vision, mitigating COVID-19 impacts, increasing access and equity, improving quality and relevance, strengthening research and technology transfer, modernizing governance and management, and elaborating a sustainable financing strategy.\"}]","Raising the Performance of Higher Education 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