[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-385233-105":59,"doc-detail-385233-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","radiotherapy-remodels-the-tumor-microenvironment-for-enhancing-immunotherapeutic-sensitivity","Radiotherapy remodels the tumor microenvironment for enhancing immunotherapeutic sensitivity","","Cancer immunotherapy has reshaped cancer treatment, yet objective response rates remain limited for many tumor types, largely due to an immunosuppressive and dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME). Radiotherapy (RT) not only eliminates tumor cells but also drives pro-inflammatory signaling, immune cell infiltration, and broader remodeling of both cellular and non-cellular TME components. This review consolidates how RT impacts T cell receptor repertoires, T cell subsets, metabolism, tumor-associated macrophages, and myeloid cells, alongside lactate and extracellular vesicles, and discusses RT modality-specific effects on tumor immunity and combination therapy practice.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/radiotherapy-remodels-the-tumor-microenvironment-for-enhancing-immunotherapeutic-sensitivity/385233/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/radiotherapy-remodels-the-tumor-microenvironment-for-enhancing-immunotherapeutic-sensitivity/385233.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mimi","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",16,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why does cancer immunotherapy benefit only a small proportion of patients?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Despite major advances, many patients show poor objective response rates. The dynamic tumor microenvironment influences immunotherapy efficacy and can maintain immune suppression.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does radiotherapy improve immunotherapy sensitivity?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Radiotherapy remodels the TME through pro-inflammatory signaling, immune cell infiltration, and changes in both cellular and non-cellular components. It can also increase immunogenicity by promoting antigen expression and presentation.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Which TME components does radiotherapy affect according to the review?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The review summarizes effects on cellular components such as T cell receptor repertoires, T cell subsets, metabolism, tumor-associated macrophages, dendritic cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils, as well as non-cellular components like lactate and extracellular vesicles.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},385233,1790315909,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":56,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},2336477974920,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","[www.nature.com/cddis](www.nature.com/cddis)  \nREVIEW ARTICLE OPEN   \nRadiotherapy remodels the tumor microenvironment for enhancing immunotherapeutic sensitivity  \nSenbo Liu1,2,7, Wenkang Wang3,7, Shengyun Hu 1,7, Bin Jia4,7, Baojing Tuo1,2, Haifeng Sun1, Qiming Wang5 ✉, Yang Liu 6 ✉ and Zhenqiang Sun 1,2 ✉  \n© The Author(s) 2023  \n\n|  | Cancer immunotherapy has transformed traditional treatments, with immune checkpoint blockade being particularly prominent. However, immunotherapy has minimal benefit for patients in most types of cancer and is largely ineffective in some cancers (such as pancreatic cancer and glioma) . A synergistic anti-tumor response may be produced through the combined application with traditional tumor treatment methods. Radiotherapy (RT) not only kills tumor cells but also triggers the pro-inflammatory molecules’ release and immune cell infiltration, which remodel the tumor microenvironment (TME) . Therefore, the combination of RT and immunotherapy is expected to achieve improved efficacy. In this review, we summarize the effects of RT on cellular components of the TME, including T cell receptor repertoires, different T cell subsets, metabolism, tumor-associated macrophages and other myeloid cells (dendritic cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, neutrophils and eosinophils). Meanwhile, non-cellular components such as lactate and extracellular vesicles are also elaborated. In addition, we discuss the impact of different RT modalities on tumor immunity and issues related to the clinical practice of combination |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n| therapy. |  |  |\n|  | Cell Death and Disease (2023)14:679; [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-023-06211-2](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-023-06211-2) |  |\n|  |  |  |\n\nFACTS  \n● Cancer immunotherapy plays an important role in tumor treatment strategies.  \n● Objective tumor response rates and treatment sensitivity of cancer immunotherapy are still poor.  \n● The complicated and dynamic tumor microenvironment influences the efficacy of immunotherapy.  \n● Radiotherapy remodels the tumor microenvironment by affecting multiple cellular and non-cellular components.  \nOPEN QUESTIONS  \n● Can radiotherapy improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy by remodeling the tumor microenvironment?  \n● What are the specific mechanisms that radiotherapy remodels the tumor microenvironment?  \n● Does radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy have the potential for clinical application to help patients?  \nINTRODUCTION  \nCancer immunotherapy (CIT) is a treatment method that stimulates the immune system to attack and suppress tumor development, including promoting immune activation and relieving immune suppression [1] . This treatment has shown unprecedented response in patients and brought hope to many cancer patients. This strategy includes immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), adoptive cell therapy (ACT), cancer vaccines, and other approaches that target specific molecules or pathways involved in immune suppression or activation. Currently, the most widely studied and applied immunotherapy is ICB targeting immune checkpoint (IC) molecules such as programmed cell death 1 (PD- 1), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) . Although immunotherapy has demonstrated significant efficacy in clinical applications, only a small proportion of patients benefit, with an objective response rate of 10–30%[2] . The implementation of CIT requires a thorough understanding of the interaction between the tumor and the immune system and the intricate regulatory networks in the tumor microenvironment (TME) .  \n1Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052 Zhengzhou, Henan, China. 2Henan Institute of Interconnected Intelligent Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052 Zhengzhou, Henan","cbCaibc3Ru0EfvuX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibc3Ru0EfvuX","pdf",2993508,"English","# Facts\n# Open Questions\n# Introduction\n# Radiotherapy-induced immunomodulation and TME remodeling\n## Effects on immune cell components\n## Effects on non-cellular components\n# Clinical implications of combining RT with immunotherapy","[{\"question\":\"Why does cancer immunotherapy benefit only a small proportion of patients?\",\"answer\":\"Despite major advances, many patients show poor objective response rates. The dynamic tumor microenvironment influences immunotherapy efficacy and can maintain immune suppression.\"},{\"question\":\"How does radiotherapy improve immunotherapy sensitivity?\",\"answer\":\"Radiotherapy remodels the TME through pro-inflammatory signaling, immune cell infiltration, and changes in both cellular and non-cellular components. It can also increase immunogenicity by promoting antigen expression and presentation.\"},{\"question\":\"Which TME components does radiotherapy affect according to the review?\",\"answer\":\"The review summarizes effects on cellular components such as T cell receptor repertoires, T cell subsets, metabolism, tumor-associated macrophages, dendritic cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils, as well as non-cellular components like lactate and extracellular vesicles.\"}]","Radiotherapy remodels the tumor microenvironment for enhancing immunotherapeutic sensitivity | PDF",1790267457,48]