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Immune checkpoint inhibitors show benefit, yet monotherapy often underperforms due to primary and acquired resistance. This mini review examines how radioimmunotherapy combines radiotherapy and immunotherapy to amplify systemic antitumor immunity. Radiotherapy may trigger the abscopal effect, enhance MHC-I expression, and reshape the tumor microenvironment to support T-cell infiltration, while optimizing dose and fractionation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/radioimmunotherapy-a-game-changer-for-advanced-non-small-cell-lung-cancer/340659/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/radioimmunotherapy-a-game-changer-for-advanced-non-small-cell-lung-cancer/340659.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Genevieve","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is NSCLC treatment difficult in advanced stages?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Advanced NSCLC often presents with distant metastases and treatment resistance, making conventional therapies less effective.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What is the rationale behind combining immunotherapy with radiotherapy?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Radiotherapy can augment immune effects, supporting the overall goal of improving outcomes beyond immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which factors influence treatment effectiveness in radioimmunotherapy?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Radiation dose, fractionation schedules, and treatment site selection can shape immune responses by enhancing MHC-I expression and promoting T-cell infiltration.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},340659,1790449667,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},1374391974585,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","TYPE Mini Review  \nPUBLISHED 06 December 2024 DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1522508  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY  \nDechao Feng,  \nUniversity College London, United Kingdom  \nREVIEWED BY  \nHengrui Liu,  \nUniversity of Cambridge, United Kingdom Dan Yang,  \nSichuan University, China  \n*CORRESPONDENCE  \nYunshang Chen  \n [cys960928@163.com](cys960928@163.com)[ ](cys960928@163.com)Yun Zhou  \n [zhouyun0213@126.com](zhouyun0213@126.com)  \nRECEIVED 04 November 2024  \nACCEPTED 18 November 2024  \nPUBLISHED 06 December 2024  \nCITATION  \nXue H, Chen Y and Zhou Y (2024)  \nRadioimmunotherapy: a game-changer for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.  \nFront. Immunol. 15:1522508 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1522508  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2024 Xue, Chen and Zhou. This is an openaccess article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nRadioimmunotherapy: a game-changer for advanced non-small cell lung cancer  \nHuichan Xue 1,2,3, Yunshang Chen 1,2,3* and Yun Zhou 4*  \n1Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, 2 Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, 3 Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, China, 4 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China  \nLung cancer, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with conventional treatments offering limited effectiveness in advanced stages, due to distant metastases and treatment resistance. Recent advancements in immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have shown promise, but their efficacy as standalone therapies are often insufficient. This has led to increased interest in combining ICIs with radiotherapy, known as radioimmunotherapy (iRT), to enhance treatment outcomes. This review explores the mechanisms that underlie the synergy between radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Radiotherapy can induce the“abscopal effect”, eliciting systemic immune responses that reduce tumor burdens outside the treated area. It also increases the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) on tumor cells, improving immune recognition. Furthermore, radiotherapy can modify the tumor microenvironment by inducing metabolic reprogramming to bolster anti-tumor immunity. We discuss strategies for optimizing iRT, including considerations of radiation doses, fractionation schedules, and treatment site selection, which significantly influence immune responses by enhancing MHC-I expression or promoting T-cell infiltration. Clinical evidence supports the efficacy of iRT in NSCLC and other cancers, though challenges in standardizing treatment protocols and managing side effects persist. Overall, radioimmunotherapy presents a promising approach to improving NSCLC treatment outcomes. Ongoing research into its mechanisms and the refinement of treatment may reshape clinical practice, offering more effective and personalized options for patients with advanced lung cancer. Further studies are essential to validate these findings and optimize therapeutic protocols.  \nKEYWORDS  \nNSCLC, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, combination therapy, clinical perspective  \nFrontiers in Immunology 01 [frontiersin.org](frontiersin.org)  \nIntroduction  \nLung cancer is one of the most common and deadliest malignant tumors worldwide, with an incidence and mortality rate of 11% and 20% in the United States in 2024, respectively, and this disease shows an","cbCailEZjU1yqNGI","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailEZjU1yqNGI","pdf",1348550,"English","# Introduction\n## Radioimmunotherapy mechanisms and synergy\n## Optimization strategies for iRT\n## Clinical evidence and ongoing challenges","[{\"question\":\"Why is NSCLC treatment difficult in advanced stages?\",\"answer\":\"Advanced NSCLC often presents with distant metastases and treatment resistance, making conventional therapies less effective.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the rationale behind combining immunotherapy with radiotherapy?\",\"answer\":\"Radiotherapy can augment immune effects, supporting the overall goal of improving outcomes beyond immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors influence treatment effectiveness in radioimmunotherapy?\",\"answer\":\"Radiation dose, fractionation schedules, and treatment site selection can shape immune responses by enhancing MHC-I expression and promoting T-cell infiltration.\"}]","Radioimmunotherapy - a game-changer for advanced non-small cell lung cancer | PDF",1790037955,25]