[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-436611-105":59,"doc-detail-436611-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","radiation-issue-in-clinical-nuclear-molecular-imaging","Radiation issue in clinical nuclear molecular imaging","","Radiation is naturally ubiquitous and widely applied in medicine, agriculture, and industry, yet scientific disagreement persists about health effects at very low doses. Current biological doses under 100 mSv are termed low-dose radiation, but uncertainty and fear can lead the public to overreact and refuse beneficial nuclear procedures. Nuclear molecular imaging is largely low–dose rate based, using radiopharmaceuticals for functional and pathological evaluation. As an essential component of patient care, nuclear medicine supports diagnosis, management, treatment, follow-up, and prevention; this review discusses evidence and communication to clarify its advantages and disadvantages.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/radiation-issue-in-clinical-nuclear-molecular-imaging/436611/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/radiation-issue-in-clinical-nuclear-molecular-imaging/436611.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Alex Sinclair","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is low-dose radiation (under 100 mSv) considered controversial for human health effects?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The review states that scientists lack consensus on effects below this dose, leading to multiple dose-response curve theories and public concern.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How is nuclear molecular imaging related to low-dose rate radiation?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It describes nuclear molecular imaging as LDR, using different radionuclides or ligands to form radiopharmaceuticals for functional or pathological evaluations.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What reasons does the paper give for clarifying the very low-dose radiation issue clinically?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It emphasizes public fear regardless of dose, regulatory approval of clinical nuclear medicine procedures in Taiwan and elsewhere, reduced exposure from modern equipment alongside better imaging, and the indispensable role of molecular nuclear imaging in precision medicine.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},436611,1790863902,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":81,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":39,"preview_page_count":4},1099523882182,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","J Chin MedAssoc  \nReview ARticle  \nRadiation issue in clinical nuclear molecular imaging  \nChuang-Hsin Chiua, Skye Hsin-Hsien Yehb, Ming-Rong Chenc, Nan-Jing Pengd, Wen-Sheng Huanga,d,e,*  \naDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; bSchool of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; cDepartment of Pharmacy, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; dDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; eDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC  \nAbstract Radiation is ubiquitous in nature, and radiation is also widely used in various fields of medicine, agriculture, and industry. Current biological doses below 100 mSv are called low-dose radiation (LDR) . Scientists have no consensus of effects on humans below this dose, so a variety of dose-response curve theories have been derived. This approach makes the public believe that even a small dose of radiation has adverse side effects, and overreact to refuse the related medical procedures for fear of radiation. The linear non-threshold (LNT) model has been used in radiation protection for over 40 years however, adverse effects from low dose, low-dose rate (LDDR) exposures are not detectable. Nuclear molecular imaging is LDR, using different radionuclides or combining with specific ligands (carries) to form “radiopharmaceuticals” for functional or pathological evaluations of diseases. Asan integral part of patient care, nuclear medicine is used in the diagnosis, management, treatment, follow-up, and prevention of diseases. Therefore, this paper discusses literature review and provides appropriate scientific data and communication to help the peers and the public understand its advantage and disadvantage.  \nKeywords: Linear non-threshold; Nuclear molecular imaging; Radiation protection; Very low-dose radiation  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \nMany commentaries and letters in response to a recent Newsline in Journal of Nuclear Medicine (JNM) expressed disappointment and backlash regarding the announcement of U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to maintain the linear nothreshold hypothesis (LNT) in radiation-related industries, including nuclear medicine in 2021.1 They argued that LNT lacked sufficient support from current radiation science and epidemiological surveys. The above-mentioned declaration was thereafter emphasized in the Asia Oceania Congress of Nuclear Medicine and Biology (AOCNMB) 2019 Meeting in Shanghai as “The inheritance of Shanghai Manifesto 2016.”2,3  \n2. HEALTH IMPACTS OF VERY LOW-DOSE IONIZING RADIATION  \nIt appeared well accepted by scientific or authorized organizations including the biological effects of ionizing radiation (BEIR) VII report from the US National Academy of Sciences that the radiation exposure no more than 100 mSv, so called low-dose radiation (LDR),4,5 showed no statistical risk impact compared  \n* Address correspondence. Dr. Wen-Sheng Huang, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, 45, Cheng Hsin Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan, [ROC. E-mail address: wshuang01@gmail.com](ROC. E-mail address: wshuang01@gmail.com) (W.-S. Huang).  \nConflicts of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to the subject matter or materials discussed in this article.  \nJournal of Chinese Medical Association. (2023) 86: 624-626.  \nReceived August 8, 2022; accepted January 29, 2023.  \ndoi: 10. 1097/JCMA.0000000000000937.  \nCopyright © 2023, the Chinese Medical Association. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/)[ ](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/)[by-nc-nd/4.0/](by-nc-nd/4.0/))  \nto the healthy controls.6 The radiation exposure of current nuclear medicine procedures was far less than 100 mSv as calculated by readily available radiation dose tool pr","cbCaia49uudiuISi","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaia49uudiuISi","pdf",432062,"English","# Introduction\n# Health impacts of very low-dose ionizing radiation","[{\"question\":\"Why is low-dose radiation (under 100 mSv) considered controversial for human health effects?\",\"answer\":\"The review states that scientists lack consensus on effects below this dose, leading to multiple dose-response curve theories and public concern.\"},{\"question\":\"How is nuclear molecular imaging related to low-dose rate radiation?\",\"answer\":\"It describes nuclear molecular imaging as LDR, using different radionuclides or ligands to form radiopharmaceuticals for functional or pathological evaluations.\"},{\"question\":\"What reasons does the paper give for clarifying the very low-dose radiation issue clinically?\",\"answer\":\"It emphasizes public fear regardless of dose, regulatory approval of clinical nuclear medicine procedures in Taiwan and elsewhere, reduced exposure from modern equipment alongside better imaging, and the indispensable role of molecular nuclear imaging in precision medicine.\"}]","Radiation issue in clinical nuclear molecular imaging | PDF",1790678536]