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Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data from 2000–2019, IBM is calculated for esophageal adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, cardia and noncardia gastric cancers, and related categories, with stratification by sex and race/ethnicity. Cumulative UGI cancer IBM is 8.40 per 100,000, with highest rates among Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, and Hispanic men, exceeding White men. The findings highlight higher mortality burden for non-White subgroups not addressed by systematic screening.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/racial-ethnic-and-sex-differences-in-incidence-based-mortality-of-aggregate-upper-gastrointestinal-cancers/331184/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/racial-ethnic-and-sex-differences-in-incidence-based-mortality-of-aggregate-upper-gastrointestinal-cancers/331184.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ezra","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main goal of this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To assess incidence-based mortality for cumulative upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers and identify race- and sex-based disparities.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which data source and time period were used?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study uses Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data for patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2019.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How were mortality outcomes measured?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Age-adjusted incidence-based mortality (IBM) was calculated as a rate per 100,000 population and stratified by sex and race/ethnicity.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},331184,1790014446,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":46},1099514068035,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","ARTICLE 1  \nRacial, Ethnic, and Sex Differences in Incidence-Based Mortality of Aggregate Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers  \nAlyyah Malick, MD1, Jennifer S. Ferris, PhD2, Chin Hur, MD, MPH3, Julian A. Abrams, MD, MS 1 ,2 and Ali Soroush, MD, MS4 ,5  \nINTRODUCTION: Current strategies for upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer screening primarily target cancer-specific risk, with the strongest focus on esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) . However, all UGI cancers are amendable to screening and early detection with an upper endoscopic examination. This study assesses and explores incidence-based mortality (IBM) for cumulative UGI cancers, aiming to identify racebased or sex-based disparities.  \nMETHODS: We used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Research data to analyze patients diagnosed with EAC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, cardia gastric cancer, noncardia gastric cancer, or colorectal adenocarcinoma from 2000 to 2019 . Age-adjusted IBM was calculated as a rate per  \n100,000 population and stratified by sex and race/ethnicity. We also compared UGI cancer IBM with that of colorectal cancer, a cancer with established population-wide endoscopic screening guidelines.  \nRESULTS: Cumulative IBM for UGI cancers was 8.40 (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.34–8.46) . The highest  \ncancer-specific IBM rates were for EAC (2.26, 95% CI 2.23–2.29), followed by noncardia gastric cancer (2.07, 95% CI 2.04–2.10), cardia gastric cancer (1.60, 95% CI 1.57–1.62), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (1.21, 95% CI 1.19–1.23), and miscellaneous UGI cancer (1.27, 95% CI 1.13–1.40) . UGI cancer IBM was highest among Black men (16.43, 95% CI 15.97–16.89), American Indian/Alaska Native men (15.23, 95% CI 13.75–16.82), and Hispanic men (13.76, 95% CI 13.42–14.11) . These rates are significantly greater than among White men (12.81, 95% CI 12.68–12.95) .  \nDISCUSSION: UGI cancers impose a significantly higher mortality burden on non-White population subgroups that are not currently targeted by any systematic screening approach.  \nKEYWORDS: disparity; minority; SEER; esophageal; gastric  \nSUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL accompanies this paper at [http://links.lww.com/CTG/B173](http://links.lww.com/CTG/B173)  \nOUTCOMES  \nClinical and Translational Gastroenterology 2024;15:e00745. [https://doi.org/10.14309/ctg.0000000000000745](https://doi.org/10.14309/ctg.0000000000000745)  \nINTRODUCTION  \nEsophageal and gastric cancers account for2.5%ofnew US cancer cases and have a 5-year survival rate of 30.5% . Nearly 60% of new upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers are diagnosed at regional or distant stages when they are associated with a 5-year relative survival of only 25%(1) . By contrast, early-stage UGI cancers have a 5-year survival rate of 80%–95%(2,3) .  \nUGI cancers have historically been studied by site (e.g., esophageal or gastric) and/or histological subtype (e.g., esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [ESCC] or adenocarcinoma  \n[EAC]) . Racial disparities in cancer-specific mortality are well established at the level of these categories. EAC and cardia gastric cancer (CGC) mortality is highest in non-Hispanic Whites, while ESCC and noncardia gastric cancer (NCGC) mortality is highest in non-Hispanic Blacks, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic Asian/ Pacific Islanders (4,5). This study adopts an alternative grouping approach, based on the premise that EAC, ESCC, CGC, and NCGC share key modifiable risk factors (e.g., smoking, alcohol, and obesity) and have premalignant lesions or early stages that can be detected with a single endoscopic screening examination  \n1Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; 2Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; 3Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; 4 Division of Data Driven and Digital Medicine, Departmen","cbCaimh0Ghym3Fy3","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimh0Ghym3Fy3","pdf",504628,"English","# Introduction\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Discussion\n# Keywords\n# Supplementary Material\n# Outcomes\n# Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology","[{\"question\":\"What is the main goal of this study?\",\"answer\":\"To assess incidence-based mortality for cumulative upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers and identify race- and sex-based disparities.\"},{\"question\":\"Which data source and time period were used?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data for patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2019.\"},{\"question\":\"How were mortality outcomes measured?\",\"answer\":\"Age-adjusted incidence-based mortality (IBM) was calculated as a rate per 100,000 population and stratified by sex and race/ethnicity.\"}]","Racial, Ethnic, and Sex Differences in Incidence-Based Mortality of Aggregate Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers | PDF",1789992055]