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Data from 174 children were collected across three PE sessions using ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers and validated questionnaires assessing self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, social support, and 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was the study’s main purpose?","Question",{"text":61,"@type":62},"To determine whether children’s physical activity behaviors and PA-related psychosocial beliefs differ by race, and whether the relationships between PA and beliefs vary across racial groups in physical education settings.","Answer",{"name":64,"@type":59,"acceptedAnswer":65},"How were children’s physical activity data collected?",{"text":66,"@type":62},"Children’s sedentary time, light physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) percentages were measured during three PE sessions using ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers.",{"name":68,"@type":59,"acceptedAnswer":69},"Which psychosocial belief constructs were assessed?",{"text":70,"@type":62},"Validated questionnaires measured self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, social support, and enjoyment at the end of the last (third) 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Gao2,*  \n1Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN  \n2School ofKinesiology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN  \nCorresponding author: [junelee@d.umn.edu](junelee@d.umn.edu) ; [gaoz@umn.edu](gaoz@umn.edu)  \nAbstract Few studies have explored the moderating effects of race on children’s physical activity (PA) and psychosocial beliefs, particularly in physical education (PE) setting. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether children’s PA behaviors and PA-related psychosocial beliefs differed as a function of race, as well as to explore any racial differences in the relationships between PA and PA-related beliefs. A total of 174 fourth and fifth grade children from two elementary schools in Minnesota participated in this cross-sectional study. During three PE sessions, children’s percentages of time spent in sedentary behavior, light PA, and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) were measured via ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers. A number of validated questionnaires were used to assess the children’s PA-related psychosocial beliefs (i.e., self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, social support, and enjoyment) atthe end of the last (third) session. Our data suggested that African American children spent significantly less percentage of time in sedentary behavior than their white counterparts, F (2, 171) = 3.33, p = 0.04. African American children’slight PA, F (2, 171) = 1.99, p = 0.14, and MVPA percentage, F (2, 171) = 2.76, p = 0.06, were slightly higher than those of the other two groups; however, the differences did not reach the significance level. This study suggests that African American children are less sedentary and hold higher PA-related outcome expectancy and social support beliefs than white children.  \nKeywords: accelerometers; underserved children; moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; sedentary behavior  \n1. Introduction  \nAs childhood obesity can continue into adolescence and adulthood with associations to comorbidities such as cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases; sleep apnea; musculoskeletal impairments; and psychosocial issues (Reilly & Kelly, 2011); it has become one of the largest public health concerns in the U.S. (Baranowski, 2019; Palmer, Chinn, & Robinson, 2019) . Furthermore, health disparities in obesity rates, such as racial and ethnic differences in childhood adiposity, is another pertinent issue that has been raised (Love, Adams, Atkin, & van Sluijs, 2019) . For example, African American children and adolescents experience higher risk of developing childhood obesity in comparison with their white and Asian counterparts (Oglen et al., 2020; Isong et al., 2018; Leadership for Healthy Communities, 2014) .  \nThere are also racial differences in physical activity (PA) intensities these children engage in (i.e., light PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA [MVPA], and sedentary behaviors) (National Physical Activity Plan Alliance [NPAPA], 2018) . However, past literature reporting the racial differences in children’s PA participation is mixed.  \nFor example, according to 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) data (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2017), white youth were reported being the most active compared to African American and Hispanic youth (NPAPA, 2018) . Accelerometry-based PA among 6-19 year old youth in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), however, showed that African Americans are the most active (NPAPA, 2018) . The contrasting findings may be due to the measurement used (i.e., surveys or PA monitors), sample characteristics and time of the data collection. Nonetheless, the presence of the racial/ethnic disparities in children’s PA behaviors can be explained by other factors such as socioeconomic status (Love et al., 2019), parental support and encouragement (Bar","cbCaidgj2XXAhnl0","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidgj2XXAhnl0","pdf",617553,"English","# Introduction\n## Childhood obesity and health disparities\n## Racial differences in physical activity intensities\n## Role of physical education in promoting PA\n## Psychosocial beliefs influencing PA in PE","[{\"question\":\"What was the study’s main purpose?\",\"answer\":\"To determine whether children’s physical activity behaviors and PA-related psychosocial beliefs differ by race, and whether the relationships between PA and beliefs vary across racial groups in physical education settings.\"},{\"question\":\"How were children’s physical activity data collected?\",\"answer\":\"Children’s sedentary time, light physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) percentages were measured during three PE sessions using ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers.\"},{\"question\":\"Which psychosocial belief constructs were assessed?\",\"answer\":\"Validated questionnaires measured self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, social support, and enjoyment at the end of the last (third) session.\"}]","Racial Difference in Children’s Physical Activity and Psychosocial Beliefs in Physical Education | PDF",1792035375,18]