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The report defines a methodology using risk ratios and statistical thresholds based on deviations from national medians, and it explains how to calculate districts exceeding defined benchmarks. It also outlines key limitations and provides guidance for interpreting tables across multiple years and disability categories.",{"@graph":14,"@context":64},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/racial-and-ethnic-disparities-in-special-education-a-multi-year-disproportionality-analysis-by-state-analysis-category-and-raceethnicity/586428/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/racial-and-ethnic-disparities-in-special-education-a-multi-year-disproportionality-analysis-by-state-analysis-category-and-raceethnicity/586428.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Quinn Holloway","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":33},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"Which kinds of disability categories are included in the tables?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"The tables cover multiple categories, including all disabilities and specific categories such as speech or language impairment, intellectual disability, autism, and other disability-related groups.","Answer","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":66,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":68,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":70,"site_id":7},586428,1792434025,{"code":4,"msg":73,"data":74},"success",[75,79,83,87,92,97,102,106,111,114,118],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":76,"show_sort_weight":77,"slug":78},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":80,"show_sort_weight":81,"slug":82},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":88,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":93,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":98,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":103,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},8,30,"research-report",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":109,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":113},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":115,"slug":117},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":119,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":88,"slug":121},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":73,"data":123},{"doc_id":70,"user_id":124,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":125,"doc_module":4,"category_id":103,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":126,"file_id":127,"file_url":128,"file_type":129,"file_size":130,"view_count":33,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":131,"language":132,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":133,"faqs":134,"seo_title":135,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":136,"read_time":137,"preview_page_count":4},2336474466712,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","RACIAL AND  \nETHNIC DISPARITIES IN SPECIAL EDUCATION  \nA MULTI-YEAR DISPROPORTIONALITY ANALYSIS BY STATE, ANALYSIS CATEGORY, AND  \nRACE/ETHNICITY  \nOFFICE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION AND REHABILITATIVE SERVICES U. S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION  \nFEBRUARY 2016  \nCONTENTS  \nList of Tables............................................................................................................................................................................... 2  \nPurpose.........................................................................................................................................................................................4  \nData and Methodology ........................................................................................................................................................... 5  \nData......................................................................................................................................................................................... 5  \nCalculating and Intepreting Risk Ratios .................................................................................................................. 5  \nCalculating the Number and Percent of LEAs Exceeding ED’s Example Risk Ratio Thresholds ......7  \nLimitations .................................................................................................................................................................................. 8  \nHow to Read the Tables .........................................................................................................................................................9  \nTables ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 11  \nLIST OF TABLES  \nTable 1. Percent and number of districts with a risk ratio that exceeds two median absolute deviations (MADS) above the national median with a minimum cell size of 10 for three years (2011–12, 2012–13, and 2013–14), by state and  \nrace/ethnicity: All disabilities .................................................................................................................. 11  \nTable 3. Percent and number of districts with a risk ratio that exceeds two median  \nabsolute deviations (MADS) above the national median with a minimum cell size  \nof 10 for three years (2011–12, 2012–13, and 2013–14), by state and race/ethnicity: Speech or language impairment .............................................................................. 15  \nTable 5. Percent and number of districts with a risk ratio that exceeds two median  \nabsolute deviations (MADs) above the national median with a minimum cell size  \nof 10 for three years (2011–12, 2012–13, and 2013–14), by state and race/ethnicity: Intellectual disability .................................................................................................... 19  \nTable 6. Percent and number of districts with a risk ratio that exceeds two median  \nabsolute deviations (MADs) above the national median with a minimum cell size  \nof 10 for three years (2011–12, 2012–13, and 2013–14), by state and race/ethnicity: Other health impairment ............................................................................................ 21  \nTable 7. Percent and number of districts with a risk ratio that exceeds two median  \nabsolute deviations (MADs) above the national median with a minimum cell size  \nof 10 for three years (2011–12, 2012–13, and 2013–14), by state and race/ethnicity: Autism ................................................................................................................................. 23  \nTable 8. Percent and number of districts with a risk ratio that exceeds two median  \nabsolute deviations (MADs) above the national median with a minimum cell size  \nof 10 for three years (2011–12, 2012–13, and 2013–14), by state and race","cbCaiio5IFBWJ5CG","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiio5IFBWJ5CG","pdf",3167641,41,"English","# Contents\n## Purpose\n## Data and Methodology\n## Limitations\n## How to Read the Tables\n## Tables","[{\"question\":\"Which kinds of disability categories are included in the tables?\",\"answer\":\"The tables cover multiple categories, including all disabilities and specific categories such as speech or language impairment, intellectual disability, autism, and other disability-related groups.\"}]","Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Special Education - A Multi-Year Disproportionality Analysis by State, Analysis Category, and Race/Ethnicity | PDF",1792057891,103]