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Recent research frames language brokering as an acculturation strategy that can support bilingual development, heritage language maintenance, and educational success. The project also outlines connections to bilingualism research and next steps through U.S. educational models.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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relationships or cause trauma.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How does the article distinguish language brokering from bilingualism?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Language brokering is presented as more than translation, involving interpreting cultural norms and navigating social systems; it is described as learning to survive by moving between two languages rather than being equivalent to bilingualism.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},598292,1792170913,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & 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journey todevelop bilingualism  \nThis article examines the Spanish proverb,quien habla dosidiomas vale por dos,which literally translates to mean he whospeaks two languages is worth two people and applies itsmeaning to immigrant children who are language brokers fortheir families.Historically,the United States has not promotedmultilingualism and even frowned up language brokeringbecause it is viewed as an adult task taken on by a child.However,recent research shows that language brokering isactually a benefit that aids the family in the acculturationprocess and assists the child in the journey of becomingbilingual.There is much research already on the benefit of beingbilingual.This project set out to show that connecting childlanguage brokers to educational programs could ultimatelynurture their bilingual skills and support them to be successfulacademically.The goals of this project were to link languagebrokers with(a)current research on benefits of bilingualism,(b)to find any pioneers in the United States leading the way inpromoting bilingualism or multilingualism,and (c)to offernext steps.  \nQuien habla dos idiomas vale por dos is a Spanish dicho(proverb)  \nwith a literal translation of he who speaks two languages is worth twopeople.Now,consider immigrant families adjusting to a new culture,newlanguage,new customs,new systems,and consider how this dicho mightimpact the acculturation process of these families.  \nLanguage brokering is a common practice among children ofimmigrant families in the United States as well as in other countries.However,publically,those who have adopted Western values frown uponthis practice.Instead oflanguage brokering being seen as support,many seethis task as a child taking on adult responsibilities and ultimately causing ashift in familial power(Weisskirch,2010).In fact,California in 2002,putforth legislation prohibiting children from being used for translation inmedical,legal and social service settings.The rationale for this legislationstates that children are not able to translate information accurately,theinformation being translated may negatively impact the familialrelationship and may also be traumatizing(Morales &Hanson,2005).However,recent studies show that language brokering may actually bebeneficial and serve as an acculturation strategy whereas both the child andthe family gain an understanding of cultural norms,practices and resourcesneeded to adapt to this new society.Not only can language brokering bebeneficial in this regard,it can also serve as a way for the family to preservethe heritage language.Families who are able to maintain the heritagelanguage are often more cohesive as a unit and keep a connection andrespect of their own culture while helping them learn about a new one(Villanueva &Buriel,2010).This,in essence,is the true meaning of thedicho,quien habla dos idiomas vale por dos.  \nImmigration,for any family,is stressful even if it is chosen.Immigration means learning about a new culture,a new language,newnorms and practices and new systems.Many families who emigrate fromLatin American countries to the United States do not speak English or havenot yet acquired the needed fluency in English to be considered proficient.Parents must often enter the workforce quickly in order to survive andtherefore,do not have the time to learn and master English as well.Consequently,their children become the main translators and interpretersfor the family(Martinez,McClure &Eddy,2009).  \nChildren have the ability to learn language quicker and as a result,are often used for translation during the immigration process.However,  \nlanguage brokering is much more than translation.Language brokeringmeans interpreting languages,cultural norms,and interactions andtransactions of others while navigating through social systems(Corona,Stevens,Halfond,Shaffer,Reid-Quinones &Gonzalez,2012).It also meanshaving","cbCailLz387QjBlm","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailLz387QjBlm","pdf",264502,14,"English","# Introduction\n## The proverb and its meaning for immigrant children\n## Language brokering vs. translation and bilingualism\n# Current Educational Models in the United States\n## English-only initiatives in the United States\n## Partial-immersion programs in the United States","[{\"question\":\"What does “Quien habla dos idiomas vale por dos” mean in the context of immigrant families?\",\"answer\":\"It literally suggests that someone who speaks two languages is worth two people, and the article applies this idea to immigrant children who broker language for their families during cultural adjustment.\"},{\"question\":\"Why has language brokering by children been discouraged in the United States?\",\"answer\":\"It has been viewed as an adult responsibility performed by a child, with concerns that children cannot translate accurately and that translations could negatively affect family relationships or cause trauma.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the article distinguish language brokering from bilingualism?\",\"answer\":\"Language brokering is presented as more than translation, involving interpreting cultural norms and navigating social systems; it is described as learning to survive by moving between two languages rather than being equivalent to bilingualism.\"}]","Quien habla dos idiomas vale por dos - Language brokering and bilingual education options in the United States | PDF",1792086658,35]