[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-290347-105":59,"doc-detail-290347-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","quantum-machine-learning-for-enhanced-intrusion-detection-master-of-science-thesis","Quantum Machine Learning for Enhanced Intrusion Detection - Master of Science Thesis","","A vital component in ensuring network security is an Intrusion Detection System (IDS), and classical Machine Learning models often struggle to keep pace with sophisticated cyber threats. Quantum Computing, leveraging quantum mechanics through probabilistic computation, has potential to address these challenges via quantum parallelism and entanglement. This thesis studies Quantum Machine Learning using QCNN and QSVM, evaluating advantages of quantum kernels over classical kernels through varied ansatz designs and entanglement patterns.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/quantum-machine-learning-for-enhanced-intrusion-detection-master-of-science-thesis/290347/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/quantum-machine-learning-for-enhanced-intrusion-detection-master-of-science-thesis/290347.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Eliana","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-12","2026-09-17",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",18,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why is intrusion detection important in network security?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a critical part of maintaining network security by identifying malicious activity in a timely manner.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What quantum machine learning models are explored in this work?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The study focuses on Quantum Convolutional Neural Networks (QCNN) and Quantum Support Vector Machines (QSVM), comparing quantum kernels to classical kernels.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What factors does the thesis vary to distinguish normal from malicious activity?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"It investigates multiple ansatz designs and entanglement patterns to generate representations in the Hilbert space that separate normal from malicious activity.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},290347,1789641436,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},4398048949847,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/400002536579ef2da7f?_k=1778318612642679267","Quantum Machine Learning for Enhanced  \nIntrusion Detection  \nAuthor:  \nAmeel Valjee  \nSubmitted to the Department of Computer Science at the University of Cape Town in  \npartial fulfillment of the academic requirements for a Master of Science degree by  \ncoursework and dissertation in Computer Science  \nMay 30, 2025  \nThe copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or noncommercial research purposes only.  \nPublished by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author.  \nDeclaration  \n1. I know that plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is to use another’s work and pretend that it is one’s own.  \n2. I have used the BibTeX convention for citation and referencing. Each contribution to, and quotation in, this essay/report/project/ Thesis from the work(s) of other people has been attributed, and has been cited and referenced. Any section taken from an internet source has been referenced to that source.  \n3. This essay/report/project/Thesis is my own work, and is in my own words (except where I have attributed it to others) .  \n4. I have not allowed, and will not allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as his or her own work.  \n5. I acknowledge that copying someone else’s assignment or essay, or part of it, is wrong, and declare that this is my own work.  \nAmeel Valjee Signature:  \nDate: August 14, 2025  \nAcknowledgments  \nI would like to express my deepest gratitude to my co-supervisor, Prof. Ilya Sinayskiy, for his invaluable guidance, expertise, and consistent support throughout this project. His passion and dedication were not only motivational but character shaping. I also extend my appreciation to Prof. Tommie Meyer for his project oversights, assistance, and advice. I am thankful to my friends and family for their unwavering support, encouragement, and understanding throughout this journey. The support of the South African Department of Science, Technology and Innovation (DSTI), the South African Quantum Technology Initiative (SA QuTI), and the Centre for AI Research (CAIR) towards this research is hereby acknowledged.  \nAbstract  \nA vital component in ensuring network security is an Intrusion Detection System (IDS), and classical Machine Learning (ML) models often struggle to keep pace with sophisticated cyber threats. Quantum Computing, a probabilistic computational class utilising the principles of quantum mechanics, has shown its potential to address some of these challenges through quantum parallelism and entanglement. In this work, we explore the use of Quantum Machine Learning (QML), specifically Quantum Convolutional Neural Network (QCNN) and Quantum Support Vector Machine (QSVM), to determine the benefits of using quantum kernels over classical kernels. We investigate multiple ansatz designs, and entanglement patterns, that generate sufficient representations of vectors in the Hilbert space to distinguish normal from malicious activity. The results have shown improvements in both models compared to their classical counterparts, with QSVM being the best performing when circuit block entanglement is used.  \nContents  \nAbbreviations xii  \n1 Introduction 1  \n1.1 Intrusion Detection .............................. 1  \n1.2 Machine Learning ............................... 2  \n1.3 Quantum Computing ............................. 2  \n1.4 Problem Statement .............................. 4  \n1.4.1 Literature review ........................... 5  \n1.4.1.1 Expressibility and Entangling Capability ......... 10  \n1.4.2 Research Question .......................... 15  \n1.5 Thesis Structure ................................ 15  \n2 Background 18  \n2.1 Quantum Mechanics ............................. 18  \n2.1.1 Introduction to Dirac Notation ................... 18  \n2.1.2 Hilbert Space .......................","cbCaieqUONvSoAGT","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieqUONvSoAGT","pdf",3375199,96,"English","# Abstract\n# Contents\n## 1 Introduction\n## 2 Background\n## 3 Limited Quantum Speed Up\n## 4 Quantum Machine Learning for Intrusion Detection","[{\"question\":\"Why is intrusion detection important in network security?\",\"answer\":\"An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a critical part of maintaining network security by identifying malicious activity in a timely manner.\"},{\"question\":\"What quantum machine learning models are explored in this work?\",\"answer\":\"The study focuses on Quantum Convolutional Neural Networks (QCNN) and Quantum Support Vector Machines (QSVM), comparing quantum kernels to classical kernels.\"},{\"question\":\"What factors does the thesis vary to distinguish normal from malicious activity?\",\"answer\":\"It investigates multiple ansatz designs and entanglement patterns to generate representations in the Hilbert space that separate normal from malicious activity.\"}]","Quantum Machine Learning for Enhanced Intrusion Detection - Master of Science Thesis | PDF",242]