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Conventional countermeasures such as static WRONG WAY (WW) signs have demonstrated restricted performance. This thesis investigates whether adding red flashing LEDs around WW sign borders improves deterrence of WWD events at a university campus area. A Wrong Way Alert System using radar detectors, cameras, and LED-equipped signs analyzed 416 incidents over 29 months by comparing LED-activated versus deactivated periods. The Two-Proportion Z-Test found a 20% higher driver turnaround rate with LEDs activated (p\u003C0.001). A Random Forest model further ranked LED status as the strongest influencing factor, followed by time of day, day of week, and academic calendar period.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/quantifying-effectiveness-of-red-flashing-leds-around-wrong-way-signs-in-deterring-wrong-way-driving-a-before-and-after-study/295791/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/quantifying-effectiveness-of-red-flashing-leds-around-wrong-way-signs-in-deterring-wrong-way-driving-a-before-and-after-study/295791.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Putri","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-18",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What problem does this thesis address?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The thesis addresses the safety risk of wrong-way driving (WWD) crashes and the limited effectiveness of static WRONG WAY signs.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the red flashing LED intervention evaluated?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Using a Wrong Way Alert System with radar detectors, cameras, and LED-equipped signs, 416 WWD incidents were compared across periods when the LEDs were activated versus deactivated over 29 months.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What statistical results were found?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The Two-Proportion Z-Test showed a 20% higher driver turnaround rate with LEDs activated (p\u003C0.001).",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"Which factors most influenced the model outcomes?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"A Random Forest model identified LED status as the most influential factor, followed by time of day, day of week, and academic calendar period.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},295791,1790033799,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":143,"language":144,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":145,"faqs":146,"seo_title":147,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":148,"read_time":149,"preview_page_count":4},962085571259,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Quantifying Effectiveness of Red Flashing LEDs around WRONG-WAY Signs in Deterring Wrong-way Driving: A Before and After Study  \nby  \nZijie Zhao  \nA thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of  \nAuburn University  \nin partial fulfillment of the  \nrequirements for the Degree of  \nMaster of Science  \nAuburn, Alabama  \nDecember 14, 2024  \nKeywords: Red Flashing LEDs, Wrong-Way Signs, Before and After Study,  \nOne-Way Street, Effectiveness  \nCopyright 2024 by Zijie Zhao  \nApproved by  \nHuaguo Zhou, Chair, Elton Z. and Lois G. Huff Professor, Civil and Environmental  \nEngineering  \nJeffrey LaMondia, Elton Z. and Lois G. Huff Professor, Civil and Environmental  \nEngineering  \nRod E. Turochy, James Madison Hunnicutt Professor, Civil and Environmental  \nEngineering  \nBen Burmester, University and Transportation Site Engineer, Facilities Management  \nABSTRACT  \nWrong-way driving (WWD) crashes are a significant safety concern due to their high fatality rates. Traditional countermeasures like static WRONG WAY (WW) signs have shown limited effectiveness. This study evaluates the additional impact of red flashing LEDs around WW sign borders on deterring WWD incidents at a university campus area. Using a Wrong Way Alert System with radar detectors, cameras, and flashing LED-equipped signs, 416 WWD incidents were analyzed over 29 months, comparing periods with LEDs activated and deactivated.  \nThe Two-Proportion Z-Test showed a 20% higher driver turnaround rate with LEDs activated (p\u003C0.001). A Random Forest model identified LED status as the most influential factor, followed by time of day, day of week, and academic calendar period. Results highlight the LED’s enhanced effectiveness during specific contexts. Recommendations include AI-driven enhancements and pavement marking implementation to reduce system false positives and prevent drivers entering the wrong direction.  \nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  \nI would like to express my deepest gratitude to all those who have supported me throughout my academic journey and the completion of this thesis.  \nFirst and foremost, I am profoundly grateful to my parents for their unwavering support and encouragement. Choosing my major was one of the most significant decisions I have ever made, and without their belief in me, I would not be where I am today, contributing to the field of transportation engineering.  \nI wish to extend my sincere thanks to Dr. Zhou, one of the first professors I met at Auburn University. After studying Water Supply and Drainage for two years in China, I transferred to Auburn as a junior in Civil Engineering. Dr. Zhou inspired my interest and determination to shift my focus from water and environmental engineering to transportation. His acceptance of me as his student allowed me to pursue work that I am passionate about and to contribute to improving traffic safety.  \nI am also deeply appreciative of Dr. Turochy and Dr. LaMondia. I vividly remember the classes I took under their guidance—Transportation Senior Design, Multimodal Transportation, and Graduate Research Methods. Despite the challenges I faced and the mistakes I made on class exercises and homework, they were always patient and supportive. Their willingness to answer my questions and provide assistance ensured that I never felt left behind, even when I needed more time to grasp certain concepts compared to other students.  \nFurthermore, I would like to thank Dr. Burmester. Without his and his team's help, I would not have had the opportunity to begin my project. I am also grateful to the TAPCO company for their cooperation, which allowed us to test the performance of the system integral to this study.  \nI am especially thankful to my group members and colleagues—Fangjian, Tonghui, Nsong Ernest, Yonggang, Quan, Mohammad Reza, Mahmud, and Roni—for their companionship and support. Their constant encouragement and friendship motivated me to persevere and made my time at Auburn University enjoyable.  \nFinally, I wish to acknowledge ","cbCaithvXy8IK740","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaithvXy8IK740","pdf",2104856,58,"English","# ABSTRACT\n# ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\n# List of Tables\n# List of Figures\n# List of Abbreviations\n# Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION\n# Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW\n# Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY\n## 3.1 Research Design\n## 3.2 Data Collection Methods","[{\"question\":\"What problem does this thesis address?\",\"answer\":\"The thesis addresses the safety risk of wrong-way driving (WWD) crashes and the limited effectiveness of static WRONG WAY signs.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the red flashing LED intervention evaluated?\",\"answer\":\"Using a Wrong Way Alert System with radar detectors, cameras, and LED-equipped signs, 416 WWD incidents were compared across periods when the LEDs were activated versus deactivated over 29 months.\"},{\"question\":\"What statistical results were found?\",\"answer\":\"The Two-Proportion Z-Test showed a 20% higher driver turnaround rate with LEDs activated (p\\u003c0.001).\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors most influenced the model outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"A Random Forest model identified LED status as the most influential factor, followed by time of day, day of week, and academic calendar period.\"}]","Quantifying Effectiveness of Red Flashing LEDs around WRONG-WAY Signs in Deterring Wrong-way Driving - A Before and After Study | PDF",1789723776,146]