[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-112982-en":3,"doc-seo-112982-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},112982,1099514068365,"Aurelia","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/10000253d8d9f28188e?_k=1776742907772140068",8,"Research & Report","Purchase Patterns, Socioeconomic Status, and Political Inclination - Supplementary Article","This paper analyzes millions of credit card transactions collected over several months from tens of thousands of individuals in two countries. Purchase behavioral patterns are shown to be strongly correlated with key societal indices, including socioeconomic status and political inclination. The findings indicate that these societal indicators may be inferred and potentially predicted from purchase data, enabling understanding of their evolution at high temporal and spatial resolution.","Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nThe World Bank Economic Review, 34(Supplement), 2020, S9–S13 doi: 10.1093/wber/lhz008 Supplementary Article  \nPurchase Patterns, Socioeconomic Status, and Political Inclination  \nXiaowen Dong, Eaman Jahani, Alfredo J. Morales, Burçin Bozkaya, Bruno Lepri, and Alex ‘Sandy’ Pentland  \nAbstract  \nThis paper analyzes millions of credit card transaction records during several months for tens of thousands of individuals from two different countries. The study shows that, purchase patterns are strongly correlated with important societal indices such as socioeconomic status and political inclination. The results suggest the possibility of understanding and predicting the evolution of such societal indices from purchase behavioral patterns, potentially at high temporal and spatial resolutions.  \nJEL classification: C43, E01, O11, R12  \nKeywords: purchase patterns, socioeconomic status, political inclination, development indicators, urban economics  \n1. Introduction  \nThe emergence of new research fields such as computational social science (Lazer et al. 2009) has promoted data-driven approaches, through the unique lens of Big Data, to study and understand human and social behavior at unprecedented scale. In particular, several studies have proposed the use of large-scale cell phone data to study important economic questions, such as social welfare (Eagle, Macy, and Claxton 2010), poverty mapping (Blumenstock, Cadamuro, and On 2015), and unemployment prediction (Tooleet al. 2015) . In addition to cell phone data, the recent availability of large-scale financial transaction data  \nXiaowen Dong is a departmental lecturer at University of Oxford, Oxford, UK and a research affiliate at Media Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; his email address [is xdong@robots.ox.ac.uk. Eaman Jahani](is xdong@robots.ox.ac.uk. Eaman Jahani) is a PhD candidate at Institute for Data, Systems and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; his email address is [eaman@mit.edu. Alfredo](eaman@mit.edu. Alfredo) J. Morales is an assistant professor at New England Complex Systems Institute and a visiting scientist at Media Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; his email address [is alfredom@mit.edu](is alfredom@mit.edu). Burçin Bozkaya is a professor of Data Science at New College of Florida, Sarasota, FL and a professor of business analytics at Sabancı University, Istanbul, Turkey; his email address [is bbozkaya@sabanciuniv.edu. Bruno Lepri](is bbozkaya@sabanciuniv.edu. Bruno Lepri) is a research director of the Mobile and Social Computing Lab at Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy; his email address is [lepri@fbk.eu. Alex Pentland](lepri@fbk.eu. Alex Pentland)[is a professor at Media Laboratory](is a professor at Media Laboratory), [Massachusetts Institute of Technology](Massachusetts Institute of Technology), [Cambridge](Cambridge), [MA](MA); [his email address is pentland@](his email address is pentland@)  \n[mit.edu. X. Dong](mit.edu. X. Dong) acknowledges funding by the Swiss National Science Foundation while completing this work. E. Jahani acknowledges funding by the National Science Foundation. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. 1122374. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Xiaowen Dong is the corresponding [author xdong@robots.ox.ac.uk](author xdong@robots.ox.ac.uk).  \n© The Author(s) 2019 . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / THE WORLD BANK.  \nAll rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [journals.permissions@oup.com](journals.permissions@oup.com)  \nDownloaded from [https://academic.oup.com/wber/arti","cbCaibdCXyw6xTdj","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibdCXyw6xTdj","pdf",758493,1,5,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Computational social science and Big Data\n## Prior work using large-scale behavioral data\n## Credit card data study context\n# Study focus and main measures\n## Purchase diversity (outgoing and incoming)\n## Correlations with societal indices","[{\"question\":\"What data does the study analyze?\",\"answer\":\"The study analyzes millions of credit card transaction records over several months for tens of thousands of individuals in two countries.\"},{\"question\":\"Which societal indices are linked to purchase patterns?\",\"answer\":\"Purchase patterns show strong correlations with socioeconomic status and political inclination at the census-district level.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the paper measure purchase 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