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The study analyzes superintendents’ views on subject-area PD needs, the perceived roles and utility of institutions of higher education (IHEs), and how district-level communication and finances relate to identified needs. It also models predictive relationships using latent-variable analysis based on survey and demographic data, exploring PD’s multiple facets and collaboration with IHEs.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/public-school-district-needs-at-the-crossroads-of-professional-development-and-public-university-partnerships-superintendents-perceptions-and-the-potential-alliance-between-pk-12-and-institutions-of-higher-education/602006/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/public-school-district-needs-at-the-crossroads-of-professional-development-and-public-university-partnerships-superintendents-perceptions-and-the-potential-alliance-between-pk-12-and-institutions-of-higher-education/602006.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"CatatanPagi","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What professional development needs does the study investigate from Michigan superintendents?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study investigates what superintendents identify as PD needs for teachers in public PK-12 districts, including needs by subject area and factors tied to teacher performance.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the research address the role of institutions of higher education (IHEs)?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It explores the perceived roles and utility of IHEs in providing PD, degree programs, and credentialing, and considers how collaboration relates to district PD needs.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which factors are analyzed as predictive of PD needs?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The research examines multiple factors and tests predictive relationships using latent-variable analysis based on survey and demographic data, with additional attention to district-level communication and finances.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},602006,1792165710,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090894170,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Public School District Needs at the Crossroads of Professional Development and Public University Partnerships: Superintendents Perceptions and the Potential Alliance Between PK-12 and Institutions of  \nHigher Education  \nGregg B. Dionne  \nCentral Michigan University  \nKaleb G. Patrick  \nCentral Michigan University  \nMark E. Deschaine  \nUniversity of Mississippi  \nRaymond Francis  \nCentral Michigan University  \nThe incorporation of professional development (PD) activities for PK-12 teachers has long served to advance competency in the profession. With changes in requirements for continued teacher certification, student performance, and state-level testing, superintendents are faced with maximizing PD opportunities of their faculty. This primary investigation considers these changes, and the perceptions of Michigan PK-12 superintendents in the identified areas of need for faculty development. This study also explores the multiple facets of PD and partnerships/collaboration with Institutions of Higher Education (IHEs) in the state. The survey instrument, developed for this study, assesses the views of superintendents across Michigan on the greatest areas of PD need for faculty by subject area and teacher performance. Findings consider the perceived roles and utility ofIHEs in providing PD, degree programs, and credentialing of faculty to meet these needs. Communication and finances relating to the support of PD, in addition to district-level data, determine if other factors have an impact on identified needs. More specifically, this study examines multiple factors to establish the level of PD need, and the relationship of predictive factors, through the analysis of latent variables based on survey and demographic data.  \nKeywords: superintendents, professional development, higher education, teacher training, PK-20 partnerships  \nICPEL Education Leadership Review, Vol. 21, No. 1– December, 2020 ISSN: 1532-0723 © 2020 International Council of Professors of Educational Leadership  \nProfessional development (PD) activities have long been part of the process for PK-12 educators to advance disciplinary knowledge, skills, and competencies (Avalos, 2011) . Written into bargained contracts, the pursuit, and completion, of advanced degrees would, in part, assist teachers in career advancement and may reward teachers with increased compensation (Bredeson, 2011) . Beyond advanced degrees, institutions of higher education (IHEs), in partnership with PK-12 public school districts, have provided PD focusing on research supported best practices through district designed learning experiences (LePage et al., 2001) . Further on, as regulations for continuing education credits relaxed at the state level, districts turned inward toward 'in-house' experts, or contracted with private organizations, to meet PD needs (Brown & Militello, 2016) . In addition to the examination of discipline-specific needs, this study seeks to better understand other germane PDfactors such as addressing the diverse needs of learners, mental health, and relationships with IHEs.  \nPurpose and Research Questions  \nWith the role of PD and student success as the backdrop, the aim of this study is to explore superintendent perceptions of the need for teacher advancement in disciplinary and instructional practices and the potential role of IHEs in facilitating learning experiences. The significance of this study highlights these long-believed opportunities and notions of collaboration that have existed mostly around specific partnerships, with a specific purpose, or largely around placing teachers and working on grant-specific initiatives; however, the potential for collaboration in amore cohesive manner, based on empirical findings, provides a new backdrop for moving forward with these relationships. Advancing under the notion of this postulate sheds light on the importance of these partnerships to form symbiotic relationships that promote student success and strengthen the found","cbCaihpXICxy9StH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihpXICxy9StH","pdf",333010,26,"English","# Purpose and Research Questions\n## Review of the Literature - Professional Development","[{\"question\":\"What professional development needs does the study investigate from Michigan superintendents?\",\"answer\":\"The study investigates what superintendents identify as PD needs for teachers in public PK-12 districts, including needs by subject area and factors tied to teacher performance.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the research address the role of institutions of higher education (IHEs)?\",\"answer\":\"It explores the perceived roles and utility of IHEs in providing PD, degree programs, and credentialing, and considers how collaboration relates to district PD needs.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors are analyzed as predictive of PD needs?\",\"answer\":\"The research examines multiple factors and tests predictive relationships using latent-variable analysis based on survey and demographic data, with additional attention to district-level communication and finances.\"}]","Public School District Needs at the Crossroads of Professional Development and Public University Partnerships - Superintendents Perceptions and the Potential Alliance Between PK-12 and Institutions of Higher Education | PDF",1792093856,66]