[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108952-en":3,"doc-seo-108952-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":96},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},108952,1374391974564,"Clementine","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253aa45c000a9e?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779874745381141002",8,"Research & Report","Public-Private Partnerships for Health in Vietnam - Policy Note - Design and Barriers - Recommendations","Policy note analyzing public-private partnership (PPP) arrangements in Vietnam’s health sector, highlighting financing shortfalls, limited PPP uptake, and weaknesses across project preparation, appraisal, approvals, and procurement. It questions efficiency and equity impacts of the proposed PPP pipeline, noting an emphasis on hospital infrastructure and higher-income urban groups. The note outlines barriers spanning fragmented legal frameworks, insufficient public institutional capacity, private-sector preferences, and constrained long-term financing, then proposes reforms for more rigorous screening, cautious model selection, and strengthened regulatory and implementation capacity.","Pub lic Disc losure Authorized  \nIn Vietnam, the state budget could meet only about 64 percent of capital demand for health sector investment during the period 2010-2019. The financial gap has focused the government’s attention on harnessing the private sector to achieve the public health goals.  \nUnder the healthcare socialization framework, at least 25 contract types have been used to mobilize the private resources. Only those specified in Decree 63/2018/NĐ-CP are legally considered to be public-private partnerships (PPPs), the remaining contract types are not defined as PPPs, regardless of the extent to which the private sector shares responsibilities and risks.  \nWhile non-PPP contracts are widely used (and misused), the application of health PPPs is still limited. A long “wish list” of 63 projects remains in the health PPP project pipeline, an indicative of ineffective PPP project screening criteria rather than high potential. The project preparation, appraisal, and approval processes are prolonged. To date, only 18 projects have completed preiibeiitaynd 10 projects have completed feasibility studies. The procurement process lacks competition. Out of eight projects under procurement, four projects awarded contracts directly to the investors who proposed them, and three projects applied competitive bidding but none or only one of the bidders passed prequalification. Achievements in actual implementation of health care infrastructure and service delivery PPPs are similarly modest.  \nPublic-Private Partnerships for Health in Vietnam POLICY NOTE  \nDESIGN OF HEALTH PPP PROGRAM  \nThe proposed health PPP pipeline raises questions about efficiency and equity in public sector health service delivery. Most health PPP projects are proposed by the private sector and developed at the subnational level. They focus on hospital infrastructure and services rather than on preventive and primary health care and are oriented toward higher-income groups in urban areas rather than the disadvantaged groups in rural areas.  \nOnly BOT projects have made meaningful progress. Both BOO projects terminated early and both BLT projects are stuck atthe pre-feasibility study stage. Investors also prefer BT contract structure, where it does not transfer significant risk to the private sector, but internationally, this isnot regarded as PPP.  \nASAs and private investors in Vietnam prefer the integrated hospital PPP model and the “asset-heavy, service-light” PPP models (equipment and facility PPPs) . Different from other countries, the “assetlight, service-heavy” PPP models, such as O&M service and specialized service PPPs, are not of interest in Vietnam.  \n2  \nPublic-Private Partnerships for Health in Vietnam POLICY NOTE  \nBARRIERS TO HEALTH PPPs IN VIETNAM  \nLEGAL FRAMEWORK  \n No single unified legal document that governs all aspects of a PPP project.  \n Lacks crucial regulations and technical guidelines for screening PPP projects, allocating risks, developing KPIs, providing government support, managing unsolicited proposals.  \nThe definition of PPPs oriented toward infrastructure downplaying the role of the service. It does not imply some key features (long-term contract, risk sharing, performance-based payments) .  \n PPPs have not been embedded in health policies and related health regulations, hampering the use of PPPs to expand infrastructure and improve services in the health sector.  \nPUBLIC SECTOR  \n Lacks the institutional capacity to manage complex health PPP contracts.  \n Public health managers at all levels lack the competencies to manage PPP projects.  \n Half of the public health managers described their teams as too underfinanced and underinformed to undertake the different steps required throughout the PPP project cycle.  \nPRIVATE SECTOR  \nPrefers PPP projects on construction & equipment.  \n Faces a shortage of highly skilled clinicians. The large private health care chains have shown only tepid interest in partnering with the government in","cbCaiq1iqpGq4Lmx","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiq1iqpGq4Lmx","pdf",958431,6,1,4,"English","en",105,"# DESIGN OF HEALTH PPP PROGRAM\n## Health PPP pipeline and equity/efficiency concerns\n## Common PPP contract structures and model preferences\n# BARRIERS TO HEALTH PPPs IN VIETNAM\n## Legal framework gaps\n## Public sector capacity constraints\n## Private sector preferences and workforce limits\n## Financial sector constraints\n# RECOMMENDATIONS FOR \"DOING HEALTH PPPs BETTER\"","[{\"question\":\"Why does Vietnam consider PPPs important for health sector investment?\",\"answer\":\"Because the state budget covered only about 64% of health-sector capital demand during 2010–2019, the government focuses on mobilizing private resources to meet public health goals.\"},{\"question\":\"How are PPPs legally defined and why does this limit their use?\",\"answer\":\"Under the health socialization framework, only contract types specified in Decree 63/2018/NĐ-CP are legally considered PPPs; other contract types may involve private risk and responsibilities but are not defined as PPPs.\"},{\"question\":\"What barriers hinder health PPP implementation in Vietnam?\",\"answer\":\"Key barriers include the absence of a unified legal document and missing technical guidelines for screening and risk allocation, weak institutional capacity in public agencies, private preference for construction/equipment over broader services, and constraints on long-term financing products.\"},{\"question\":\"What recommendations does the policy note propose to improve health PPPs?\",\"answer\":\"It calls for reorienting PPPs toward equity and efficiency, using rigorous project screening tied to universal health coverage and value for money, adopting PPP models cautiously, and strengthening regulation and institutional capacity through dedicated units and training programs.\"}]","Public-Private Partnerships for Health in Vietnam - Policy Note - Design and Barriers - Recommendations | PDF",1784475278,10,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":91,"head_meta":93,"extra_data":95,"updated_unix":29},"public-private-partnerships-for-health-in-vietnam-policy-note-design-and-barriers-recommendations","",{"@graph":37,"@context":90},[38,54,69],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,49,52],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":50,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":53,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/public-private-partnerships-for-health-in-vietnam-policy-note-design-and-barriers-recommendations/108952/",{"url":53,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":42,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-29","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82,86],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"Why does Vietnam consider PPPs important for health sector investment?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"Because the state budget covered only about 64% of health-sector capital demand during 2010–2019, the government focuses on mobilizing private resources to meet public health goals.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"How are PPPs legally defined and why does this limit their use?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"Under the health socialization framework, only contract types specified in Decree 63/2018/NĐ-CP are legally considered PPPs; other contract types may involve private risk and responsibilities but are not defined as PPPs.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"What barriers hinder health PPP implementation in Vietnam?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"Key barriers include the absence of a unified legal document and missing technical guidelines for screening and risk allocation, weak institutional capacity in public agencies, private preference for construction/equipment over broader services, and constraints on long-term financing products.",{"name":87,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":88},"What recommendations does the policy note propose to improve health PPPs?",{"text":89,"@type":77},"It calls for reorienting PPPs toward equity and efficiency, using rigorous project screening tied to universal health coverage and value for money, adopting PPP models cautiously, and strengthening regulation and institutional capacity through dedicated units and training programs.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":53,"og:type":92,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":94,"canonical":53},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":97},[98,102,106,110,115,119,124,127,132,135,138],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":48,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":120,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},30,"research-report",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":130,"slug":131},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":130,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":130,"slug":134},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":30,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":30,"slug":137},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":139,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":140,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":141},19,"General","general"]