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It explains how remote international politics limited general knowledge and why secret diplomacy was defended as the work of experts. After World War I, the spread of post-war reflection, growing parliamentary attention to foreign matters, and intensified election-related international concerns increased public 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changes increased parliamentary attention to foreign affairs in the years after the war?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Excessive secrecy and expert monopoly were singled out, with more parliamentary committees, more members’ questions, and foreign affairs playing a larger role in 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Canada'sExternal Afairs\n\nby  \nP.E.Corbett,M.A.  \n## STORAGE-ITEMMA IN LIBRARY\n\nLPA-A86E  \nU.B.C.LIBRARY  \nReprinted fron Queen's Quarterly,  \nVol.XXXVII,.o.1,Winter,1930  \nMONTK三AL  \n1931  \nMCGILL UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS  \n\n| K.:M1s.  \u003Cbr>No.10  \u003Cbr>TIIE LIBRARY  \u003Cbr>ersity cf Britich!'c!urbi   |\n| --- |\n\nPublic Opinion and Canada's  \nExternal Affairs  \nby  \nP.E.Corbett,M.A.  \nReprinted from Queen's Quarterly,Vol.XXXVI11,No.1,Winter,1930.  \n5052  \n67  \nMONTREAL  \n931  \n1931  \n## PUBLIC OPINION AND CANADA'S EXTERNALAFFAIRS\n\nBy P.E.CORBETT  \nT is a familiar fact that popular control of governmentpolicy began later and has made less progress in foreignaffairs than in any other department.Nothing else was tobe expected,for international politics has been remote from theknowledge and interest of the general public.Rousseau,surelyan ardent apostle of democracy,had this to say on the subject:\"The essentials for every citizen are the observance of lawwithin the state,security of property,and security of person.So long as all goes well on those three points,leave to yourCouncils the conduct of foreign business;that is not thequarter where the worst dangers threaten.\"All the protago-nists of secret diplomacy before and after the war of 1914-1918have argued that the conduct of international relations is atask for experts and that the less it is exposed to the ignoranceand passions of the people the greater chance there is ofefficient accomplishment.  \nUntil 1918 the aristocrats of savoir faire had things prettymuch their own way,but the bitter post-war reflections ofclasses and masses everywhere have undermined their position.Deep as the causes of the war lie,there is much to be said forthe common view that it marked the bankruptcy of—amongother things—traditional diplomacy.The fear that their lead-ers might lead them into another and worse holocaust has made  \n## QUEEN’S QUARTERLY\n\nmost peoples demand wider knowledge of foreign businessand a greater share in its management.Two evils of theestablished system have thus been singled out for attack,excessive secrecy and monopoly by the so-called expert.Thatis the meaning of the rapid increase in parliamentary commit-tees on foreign affairs in the last twelve years,of the notablygreater frequency of members’questions on internationalrelations and of the larger part which these relations play inelections.  Barthélemy,in his Gowvernement de la France,says:\"Since the war,foreign business has become so importantthat interpellations regarding it are now inconvenientlynumerous,to such a point indeed that it is difficult to get ina question on internal policy.\"2 Sir John Marriott enumerateseleven countries whose legislatures have set up special com-mittees to deal with international relations since 1917.3 Asfor elections,every one knows the recent influence of Russianrelations on party fortunes in England.  \nIn this development the fear of war has had a strong allyin the growing appreciation of mankind's solidarity.Thous-ands of orators have wearied a million listeners with theireloquence on the smallness and intimacy of this modern world.The result is none the less indisputable.Every man is learningthe close connexion between his bread and butter and that ofthe Moscow workman or Chinese peasant.Many of us believe,too,that we see something more remarkable than this in theworld about us,a disinterested sympathy growing withknowledge,or,at the very least,a waning of spontaneous hos-tility.Surely travel and the cinema have made the strangerless strange,less feared and therefore less hated.Every daymore people are coming to understand the essential unity of  \n## CANADA’S EXTERNAL AFFAIRS\n\nhuman welfare and to watch with a critical eye the conduct oftheir respective States in the common workshop.  \nIn Canada there is more than a faint echo of the changein sentiment.Like the rest of humanity,we are,as Mr.B  \nK.Sandwell puts","cbCaiqXZ2MxLylJt","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqXZ2MxLylJt","pdf",1062249,"English","# Public Opinion and Canada's External Affairs\n## Popular control and foreign affairs\n## Secret diplomacy and its critics\n## War fears, solidarity, and public knowledge\n## Canada’s move toward international engagement\n## Parliament’s lag and governmental autonomy","[{\"question\":\"What changes increased parliamentary attention to foreign affairs in the years after the war?\",\"answer\":\"Excessive secrecy and expert monopoly were singled out, with more parliamentary committees, more members’ questions, and foreign affairs playing a larger role in elections.\"}]","Public Opinion and Canada's External Affairs - No. 10 - Winter 1930 | PDF",1789967240]