[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-145404-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-145404-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","public-aided-crises-in-the-french-fishing-sector","Public-aided crises in the French fishing sector","","French media described the fishing industry as locked in crisis for decades. This paper reconstructs events around three major crisis episodes in the late 1970s, mid-1990s, and early 2000s, and the government measures adopted to resolve them. Across episodes, governments relied on substantial public aid to the sector in different forms. The study evaluates subsidy programme performance against stated aims for trade balance, competitiveness, profitability, employment, and safety, concluding that large-scale aid failed to deliver objectives and sometimes contributed to later crises by lacking genuine practice change, reflecting a deeper focus on preserving social peace.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/public-aided-crises-in-the-french-fishing-sector/145404/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/public-aided-crises-in-the-french-fishing-sector/145404.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Aria","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-07","2026-08-26",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Which crisis episodes does the paper examine in the French fishing sector?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"It recounts events surrounding three major episodes: the late 1970s, the mid-1990s, and the early 2000s.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What forms of public aid are discussed and how are they evaluated?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The paper describes sizeable public aids provided in different forms and evaluates their efficacy against objectives such as trade balance, competitiveness, profitability, employment, and safety.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Why does the paper argue that subsidies did not achieve their stated goals?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"It concludes that massive aids did not meet objectives and, paradoxically, were a key factor in subsequent crises because they were granted without conditions requiring genuine changes in industry practices.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},145404,1787722204,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":118,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":80,"read_time":104},2336464648322,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2200025388227c56fec?_k=1778556882303663488","P lease no s ante that this thor-produced an ar c ec t d te or p ca on o of u wl peer rev iew . The definitive b l is her-authenticated version il la on the pub lisher Web site  \nOcean & Coastal Management  \nSeptember 2008, Volume 51, Issue 10, Pages 689- 700  \n[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2008.07.009](http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2008.07.009)[ ](http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2008.07.009)© 2008 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.  \nArchimer, archive institutionnelle de l’Ifremer  \n[http://www.ifremer.fr/docelec/](http://www.ifremer.fr/docelec/)  \nPublic-aided crises in the French fishing sector  \nBenoit Mesnila, *  \na Ifremer, Département EMH, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, F44311 Nantes, France  \n*: Corresponding author : B. Mesnil, Tel.: þ33 240 374 009; fax: þ33 240 374 075, email address:  \nBenoit. Mesnil@ifremer.fr  \nAbstract:  \nAccording to the media the French fishing industry has been in permanent state of crisis for the last 40 years. This paper recounts the events surrounding three major episodes of crises (late 1970s, mid- 1990s, and early 2000s), and the measures taken by governments to resolve them. Invariably, these involved the distribution of sizeable amounts of public aids, in different forms, to the fishing sector. The efficacy of the subsidy programmes is discussed with reference to the goals stated by their proponents, regarding trade balance, competitiveness, profitability, employment and safety. Overall, the massive aids granted to the sector (comparable with the gross value of landings, annually) have not achieved the stated objectives and, paradoxically, have been a key factor in the eruption of subsequent crises, notably because they were granted without conditions of genuine changes in the industry's practices. The supreme paradox is that the succession of turbulent demonstrations over the years was the result of aid programmes devised with the overriding objective of preserving social peace.  \nKeywords: fisheries policies; subsidies; France  \n1  \nHave you noted how often fisheries and their management get associated with words that sound negative or dramatic? Competition—a normal feature in market economies— promptly attracts the word “conflict” in public discourse or in the media when fisheries are implicated. Meetings between the fishing industry and managers, or between EU fishery ministers and the European Commission are commonly depicted in similarly confrontational terms, as are relations within the industry itself even atthe local scale. Although competition for natural resources (oil, water or minerals) may well be a driver behind some current or past wars, it is seldom named as such. In contrast, there seems to be little hesitation to use such an extreme term for fisheries conflicts, e.g. for the “cod war” at Iceland in the 1970s or the “turbot war” off Canada in 1995 [1] . When they talk about fisheries management, observers from all quarters (fishers , scholars, journalists, and NGOs) seem to be irresistibly attracted by the word “failure”. Evidently, this is how many tend to qualify the outcome of the EU Common Fisheries Policy (CFP): in its Green Paper [2] preparing for the 2002 reform the European Commission itself admitted that the policy had not delivered several of its stated goals, and a recent report by the European Court of Auditors [3] used blunt language to conclude on a plain failure of the policy. However, it is common for such broad framework policies to aspire at a mix of biological, economic, social and political objectives that are quite hard to reconcile, with the consequence that what some see as a failure is seen as a success by others [4, 5] . Last, but not least, in this litany is the word“crisis”. As pointed out by Beddington et al. [6], and many others, the public perception of fisheries, globally or locally, is one of recurring crises. Certainly, a survey of French newspapers over the recent decades leaves one with the uncomfortable impressi","cbCaihzUXZ9mP9A4","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihzUXZ9mP9A4","pdf",157298,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction and research purpose\n## Crisis narratives in public discourse\n## Government financial transfers and subsidy context\n# A chronicle of crises\n## Late 1970s crisis episode\n## Mid-1990s crisis episode\n## Early 2000s crisis episode\n# Evaluation of subsidy efficacy\n## Stated objectives and outcomes","[{\"question\":\"Which crisis episodes does the paper examine in the French fishing sector?\",\"answer\":\"It recounts events surrounding three major episodes: the late 1970s, the mid-1990s, and the early 2000s.\"},{\"question\":\"What forms of public aid are discussed and how are they evaluated?\",\"answer\":\"The paper describes sizeable public aids provided in different forms and evaluates their efficacy against objectives such as trade balance, competitiveness, profitability, employment, and safety.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the paper argue that subsidies did not achieve their stated goals?\",\"answer\":\"It concludes that massive aids did not meet objectives and, paradoxically, were a key factor in subsequent crises because they were granted without conditions requiring genuine changes in industry practices.\"}]","Public-aided crises in the French fishing sector | PDF"]