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Tech Career Scale  \nEren Ozberk, Rachel Clutterbuck , Stephen Welbourne  \nPublished 19th February 2026  \nBy the National Foundation for Educational Research, The Mere, Upton Park, Slough, Berkshire SL1 2DQ [www.nfer.ac.uk](www.nfer.ac.uk)  \n© 2025 National Foundation for Educational Research Registered Charity No. 313392  \nHow to cite this publication:  \nOzberk, E. , Clutterbuck, R. and Welbourne, S. (2026) . Psychometric properties of the tech career scale. Slough: NFER.  \nContents  \n1 Executive Summary 4  \n1.1 Background 4  \n1.2 Methods 4  \n1.3 Results 4  \n1.4 Conclusion 5  \n2 Background 6  \n3 Method 6  \n3.1 Scale Development 6  \n3.2 Additional Measures 7  \n3.3 Design 7  \n3.4 Sample and Recruitment 7  \n4 Results 8  \n4.1 Phase 1: Exploratory Factor Analysis 8  \n4.2 Phase 2: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Tech Career Scale 19  \n4.3 Scoring 26  \n5 Conclusion 28  \nAppendix A: Development and Validation of the Career Knowledge Scale and Personal Skills Scale. 29  \nAppendix B: Descriptive statistics 38  \nAppendix C: Tech Career Scale final version 42  \nReferences 46  \n1 Executive Summary  \n1.1 Background  \nUnderstanding student’s knowledge and attitudes towards particular careers, as well as the behaviours that they engage in towards those careers, is important to determine career support or training needs, and also to better understand the careers landscape of young people. While scales to measure general careers knowledge exist, there is a paucity of validated scales specifically measuring tech careers knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. The Hg Foundation therefore commissioned NFER to develop the Tech Career Scale – a self-report measure of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours towards careers in tech for adolescents. The first use of this scale is intended to be in The Hg Foundation co-funded evaluation of Futures For All’s IntoTech Programme, which is designed to improve children’s knowledge of and attitudes towards careers in tech.  \n1.2 Methods  \nThe Tech Career Scale was developed with participating students from Year 10 classes in schools in England. The study had two phases. The aim of the first phase was to develop an initial pool of items and explore their factor structure using exploratory factor analysis. Collaboratively, NFER, The Hg Foundation and Futures For All, proposed the Tech Career Scale to have three subscales:  \nKnowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours. Guided by this three-subscale structure, 43 items were trialled in the first phase. Data from 474 pupils from 14 schools were analysed in the first phase, and the results of this analysis were used to refine and revise items in the Tech Career Scale. The aim of the second phase was to confirm the structure of the Tech Career Scale using confirmatory factor analysis in an independent sample. Data from 2,011 pupils across 29 schools were analysed in the second phase.  \nIn order to validate the Tech Career Scale, an additional validation scale measuring students’intended A Level choices was developed and administered alongside the Tech Career Scale in phases 1 and 2. This additional scale comprised three items asking students how likely they were to study a i) Maths, ii) Science, or iii) technology-based subject. The idea being that if the tech scale measures important aspects of young people’s attitudes, knowledge and behaviours towards tech we should also expect to see correlations with anticipated A Level choices compatible with an eventual career in tech.  \nIt is also worth noting that two additional scales, measuring General Career Knowledge and Personal Skills, were also developed , in parallel with the Tech Career Scale , for the purpose of the IntoTech Programme evaluation. These additional scales were administered to the same group of students and are reported in the appendices of this report.  \n1.3 Results  \nIn the first phase of the study an exploratory","cbCaiiOpoYxorm6h","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiOpoYxorm6h","pdf",1634505,48,"English","# Executive Summary\n## Background\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Background\n# Method\n## Scale Development\n## Additional Measures\n## Design\n## Sample and Recruitment\n# Results\n## Phase 1: Exploratory Factor Analysis\n## Phase 2: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Tech Career Scale\n## Scoring\n# Conclusion\n# Appendix A: Development and Validation of the Career Knowledge Scale and Personal Skills Scale.","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of the Tech Career Scale?\",\"answer\":\"It measures adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours toward careers in tech to inform career support and training needs.\"},{\"question\":\"How many students and schools were used in the two study phases?\",\"answer\":\"Phase 1 analyzed data from 474 pupils across 14 schools, and phase 2 analyzed data from 2,011 pupils across 29 schools.\"},{\"question\":\"What factor structure was supported by the results?\",\"answer\":\"Exploratory analysis suggested a four-factor structure, and confirmatory analysis found the four-factor model an acceptable fit, supporting subscales including Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviours, and Barriers.\"}]","Psychometric Properties of the Tech Career Scale - Psychometric report | PDF",1792057315,121]