[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-492880-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-492880-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","psychology-vocabulary-in-use-neuroscience-overview-unit-1-the-brain","Psychology Vocabulary in Use - Neuroscience Overview - Unit 1 - The Brain","","Psychology Vocabulary in Use Unit 1 introduces neuroscience-focused brain concepts through engaging facts and clear explanations. The text covers brain size and functions, how quickly the brain responds, and major neurotransmitters and structures such as dopamine and the hippocampus. It explains the triune brain layers (reptilian brain, limbic system, neocortex), plus detailed parts including cerebrum, ventricles, cerebellum, brainstem, and related functions like movement control, posture regulation, and information processing. 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THE BRAIN .................................................................................. 9  \nUNIT 2. SLEEP AND DREAMS ............................................................. 21  \nUNIT 3. SENSATION AND PERCEPTION ............................................ 31  \nUNIT 4. MEMORY ................................................................................... 49  \nUNIT 5. MEMORY LOSS ........................................................................ 57  \nUNIT 6. LEARNING ................................................................................ 67  \nUNIT 7. INTELLIGENCE ......................................................................... 85  \nUNIT 8. DEFENCE MECHANISMS ....................................................... 95  \nUNIT 9. MENTAL DISORDERS ............................................................ 105  \nUNIT 10. ADDICTION ............................................................................ 121  \nUNIT 11. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ..................................................... 129  \nUNIT 12. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY ....................................................... 145  \nTEST YOURSELF ................................................................................... 153  \nKLUCZ ...................................................................................................... 217  \nGLOSARIUSZ ......................................................................................... 231  \nUNIT 1.  \nTHE BRAIN  \n THE BRAIN AND ITS FUNCTION  \nDid you know that your brain  \n􀂄 is the size of a small cauliflower?  \n􀂄 weighs about 1.5 kilograms?  \n􀂄 is 80% water?  \n􀂄 consists of (probably) 100 billion neurons?  \nDid you know that it takes your brain about  \n􀂄 1/10,000th of a second to respond to a stimulus?  \n􀂄 90 seconds to decide whether you like someone or not?  \n􀂄 20 minutes to realise that you feel full?  \n􀂄 0.1 to 0.3 seconds to recognise familiar music?  \nThe brain is the most complex and the least understood organ in the body. While we’ve learned a lot about it, much of what we assume “we have always known” wasn’t actually discovered until quite recently. Take dopamine, an important neurotransmitter, for example. Until the 1950s, scientists thought it had little significance. And how about the hippocampus? Up until the 1950s, its exact function remained unknown. Similarly, no distinction had been made between different memory systems. When you think about it, you may realise that these remarkable discoveries were made in your grandparents’ or even parents’ day!  \nPsychology Vocabulary in Use  \nNeuroscience is a fast-developing field, but despite new discoveries, we still have a long way to go. We may learn how to effectively treat brain diseases, including mental and neurodegenerative disorders, when we ever get there.  \n The architecture of the human brain  \nneocortex   \nlimbic system  \nTriune brain  \nOver the course of evolution, the human brain has tripled in size and developed three distinctive layers. The reptilian brain (brainstem, cerebellum and basal ganglia) evolved first. It has the most basic functions, such as breathing, heart rate, swallowing and balance. The limbic system (consisting of a set of brain structures associated with memory, emotions and arousal, such as the thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala and olfactory bulbs) developed next. The neocortex was the last to develop. It is involved in higher brain functions, such as language, thought, attention, imagination and consciousness.  \nTHE BRAIN 1.  \ncerebrum  pineal glad   \n cerebral aqueduct   \n corpus callosum   \nbrainstem  \n medulla oblongata  \nfourth ventricle   \nspinal cord  \nParts of the brain  \nThe brain is a delicate organ protected from injury by the skull, meninges and cerebrospinal fluid flowing from four ventricles. It comprises the cerebrum, the cerebe","cbCaiglLh7PoV7op","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiglLh7PoV7op","pdf",455416,11,"English","# Unit 1. The Brain\n## The Brain and Its Function\n## The Architecture of the Human Brain\n## Parts of the Brain\n## Exercise 1","[{\"question\":\"What are the three main layers described in the triune brain model?\",\"answer\":\"The triune brain model describes the reptilian brain (brainstem, cerebellum, basal ganglia), the limbic system, and the neocortex as the last layer to develop.\"},{\"question\":\"Which brain parts are most directly involved in higher brain functions according to the text?\",\"answer\":\"The neocortex is described as being involved in higher brain functions such as language, thought, attention, imagination, and consciousness.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the text explain the cerebrum’s structure and function?\",\"answer\":\"The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, divided into two hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum, and further divided into four lobes. It includes the cerebral cortex (grey matter) and several subcortical structures such as the amygdala and hippocampus.\"}]","Psychology Vocabulary in Use - Neuroscience Overview - Unit 1 - The Brain | PDF",1790871986,28]