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Participants completed the General Self-Efficacy Scale, Brief Psychological Resilience Scale, Positivity Scale, and a personal information form. Analyses via SPSS 20 indicate gender, residence, and income differences in reported self-efficacy, while resilience and positivity show positive predictive relationships.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/psychological-resilience-and-positivity-as-predictors-of-self-efficacy/592610/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/psychological-resilience-and-positivity-as-predictors-of-self-efficacy/592610.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mimi","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-21","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main purpose of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To examine the relationship between self-efficacy and demographic variables, and to test the predictive roles of psychological resilience and positivity for self-efficacy.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the research conducted and who participated?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study analyzed data from 844 students enrolled at four universities in Istanbul, Samsun, Bursa, and Ankara in Turkey, using questionnaires that measure self-efficacy, psychological resilience, and positivity.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What relationships did the results show?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Self-efficacy varied by gender, residence, and income. Psychological resilience was associated with a moderate positive relationship to self-efficacy, and positivity showed a low positive correlation, with both serving as important predictors.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},592610,1792160897,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},2336477974920,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Asian Journal of Education and Training  \nVol. 5, No. 1, 63-69, 2019 ISSN(E) 2519-5387  \nDOI: 10.20448/journal.522.2019.51.63.69  \n© 2019 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group  \nPsychological Resilience and Positivity as Predictors of Self-Efficacy  \nTuğba Yılmaz Bingöl1 􀀣  Meryem Vural Batık2  Rumeysa Hoşoğlu3  Aynur Fırıncı Kodaz4   \n1Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi, Faculty of Education, İstanbul, Türkiye 2 Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Faculty of Education, Samsun, Türkiye 3Kapadokya Üniversitesi, School of Health Sciences, Nevşehir, Türkiye  \n4Hatice Gani Erverdi Middle School, Nilüfer, Bursa, Türkiye  \n(􀀣 Corresponding Author)  \nAbstract  \nThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between self-efficacy, a concept that hasan important role in human life, and different demographic variables and the predictive roles of psychological resilience and positivity on self- efficacy. The research was carried out with 844 students studying at four different universities in provinces of Istanbul, Samsun, Bursa and Ankara in Turkey. Participants completed the questionnaire packet including the General SelfEfficacy Scale, the Brief Psychological Resilience Scale, the Positivity Scale and a personal information form. The analyses of the data were carried out via SPSS 20. The results showed that the female subjects tended to report lower self-efficacy than the males and participants living in cities and high income participants reported higher self-efficacy than the participants living in villages or small towns and the low income participants. Additionally, it may be stated that the participants who perceived their parents as democratic, negligent and protective reported higher levels of self-efficacy than those who perceived their parents as authoritarian. The results also indicated a moderate positive relationship between psychological resilience and self-efficacy, and a low positive correlation between self-efficacy and positivity. Psychological resilience and positivity were found to be important predictors of self-efficacy.  \nKeywords: Self-Efficacy, Psychological resilience, Positivity, Positive psychology, Predictors, Parental attitudes.  \nJEL Classification: I29  \nContribution/Acknowledgement: All authors contributed to the conception and design of the study.  \nFunding: This study received no specific financial support.  \nCompeting Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.  \nTransparency: The authors confirm that the manuscript is an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study was reported; that no vital features of the study have been omitted; and that any discrepancies from the study as planned have been explained.  \nEthical: This study follows all ethical practices during writing.  \nContents  \n1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 64  \n2. Method ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 64  \n3. Findings ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 65  \n4. Discussion, Conclusion and Implications.................................................................................................................................... 67  \nReferences .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 68  \n1. Introduction  \nCollege life is a challenging period for individuals. Students have to cope effectively with stressful situations that they meet during this chall","cbCaij8ZTqFtKPFN","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaij8ZTqFtKPFN","pdf",533085,"English","# Introduction\n# Method\n# Findings\n# Discussion, Conclusion and Implications\n# References","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To examine the relationship between self-efficacy and demographic variables, and to test the predictive roles of psychological resilience and positivity for self-efficacy.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the research conducted and who participated?\",\"answer\":\"The study analyzed data from 844 students enrolled at four universities in Istanbul, Samsun, Bursa, and Ankara in Turkey, using questionnaires that measure self-efficacy, psychological resilience, and positivity.\"},{\"question\":\"What relationships did the results show?\",\"answer\":\"Self-efficacy varied by gender, residence, and income. Psychological resilience was associated with a moderate positive relationship to self-efficacy, and positivity showed a low positive correlation, with both serving as important predictors.\"}]","Psychological Resilience and Positivity as Predictors of Self-Efficacy | PDF",1792074938,18]