[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-439351-105":59,"doc-detail-439351-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","psychological-outcomes-of-depression-after-legally-enforced-quarantine-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-a-cross-sectional-study","Psychological outcomes of depression after legally enforced quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study","","Legally enforced quarantines during the COVID-19 pandemic increased psychological distress, especially for people with pre-existing mental health conditions. This cross-sectional study within the CoCo-Fakt project examined whether individuals with depression reported greater distress during legally imposed quarantine or isolation, and whether coping and resilience could strengthen support for at-risk groups. Data from 10,033 participants used online questionnaires across demographics, mental health status, coping, resilience, and support use.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/psychological-outcomes-of-depression-after-legally-enforced-quarantine-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-a-cross-sectional-study/439351/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/psychological-outcomes-of-depression-after-legally-enforced-quarantine-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-a-cross-sectional-study/439351.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Taylor Morgan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How did the study assess psychological outcomes during legally enforced quarantine?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Participants completed online questionnaires capturing demographics, mental health status, coping strategies, resilience, and usage of support systems. The study covered people registered between December 2020 and January 2021.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What differences were found between participants with depression and those without?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Participants suffering from depression reported significantly higher psychological distress scores, significantly lower coping and resilience scores, and used support systems about six times more often than those without depression.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which factors were associated with higher psychological distress in the regression analysis?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Higher distress was associated with being female, being younger, having a higher educational level, having COVID-19, and having a chronic disease other than depression. The moderation analyses showed no significant interactions.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},439351,1791096806,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":41,"preview_page_count":4},1099523885336,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Fabrice etal. BMC Public Health (2026) 26:38 BMC Public Health  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-25751-0](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-25751-0)  \nRESEARCH Open Access  \nPsychological outcomes of depression after legally enforced quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study  \nAlisa Fabrice 1,2*, Lisa Klee 1,2, Sven Feddern 1, Chiara Gabriel 1, Anna Carlotta Graf4, Annelene Kossow 1,3, Johannes Niessen 1, Nikola Schmidt4, Gerhard A. Wiesmüller 1,2, Barbara Grüne 1 and Christine Joisten 1,4  \nAbstract  \nBackground Legally enforced quarantines during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in increased psychological distress, particularly among individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions. In this study, part of the Cologne Corona Counselling and Support for Infected and Contact Persons During the Quarantine Period (CoCo-Fakt) project, we hypothesised that individuals with pre-existing depression experienced greater psychological distress during legally imposed quarantine/isolation and thus require additional support. We also aimed to explore whether coping mechanisms and resilience can enhance the care provided to at-risk individuals facing similar situations.  \nMethods This study included 10,033 participants (infected and contact persons) registered with the Cologne Public Health Department between December 2020 and January 2021. We collected data via online questionnaires covering demographics, mental health status, coping strategies, resilience, and support system usage.  \nResults Individuals suffering from depression (ISFDs, n = 260) reported significantly higher psychological distress scores than individuals not suffering from depression (INSFDs, n = 9773; p \u003C 0. 001) . ISFDs also reported significantly lower coping (p \u003C 0. 001) and resilience (p \u003C 0. 001) scores and used support systems approximately six times more often. Backwards elimination regression analysis revealed significantly higher psychological distress scores among individuals who were female, were younger, had higher educational level, had COVID-19, and had a chronic disease other than depression. No significant interactions were found in the moderation analyses. The model accounted for 31. 2% of the observed variance.  \nConclusions The findings suggest the need for tailored interventions to help both ISFDs and INSFDs develop coping strategies and resilience during quarantines. Ensuring that sufficient therapeutic services and support are available for ISFDs is crucial for maintaining good mental health.  \nKeywords Public health department, COVID-19 measures, Depression, Legally enforced quarantine, Psychological outcomes, Quarantine  \n*Correspondence:  \nAlisa Fabrice  \n[alisa.fabrice@gmail.com](alisa.fabrice@gmail.com)  \n1Cologne Health Department, Infektions-und Umwelthygiene, Neumarkt 15–21, Trajanstr. 43, Köln 50667, Germany  \n2Institute for Occupational Medicine and Social Medicine, University HospitalMedical FacultyRWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany  \n3Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-SchweitzerCampus 1, Münster 48149, Germany  \n4Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, Cologne 50933, Germany  \n© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds th","cbCairhS98TgpQ2J","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairhS98TgpQ2J","pdf",1546551,12,"English","# Introduction\n## Background and rationale\n## Related studies and risk factors\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusions","[{\"question\":\"How did the study assess psychological outcomes during legally enforced quarantine?\",\"answer\":\"Participants completed online questionnaires capturing demographics, mental health status, coping strategies, resilience, and usage of support systems. The study covered people registered between December 2020 and January 2021.\"},{\"question\":\"What differences were found between participants with depression and those without?\",\"answer\":\"Participants suffering from depression reported significantly higher psychological distress scores, significantly lower coping and resilience scores, and used support systems about six times more often than those without depression.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors were associated with higher psychological distress in the regression analysis?\",\"answer\":\"Higher distress was associated with being female, being younger, having a higher educational level, having COVID-19, and having a chronic disease other than depression. The moderation analyses showed no significant interactions.\"}]","Psychological outcomes of depression after legally enforced quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study | PDF",1790688255]