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Registered centres are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use. However, we cannot give permission to centres to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even for internal use within a centre.  \nContents  \n1 Pseudocode in examined components ................................................................... 5  \n1.1 Font style and size 5  \n1.2 Indentation 5  \n1.3 Case 5  \n1.4 Lines and line numbering 6  \n1.5 Comments 6  \n2 Variables, constants and data types ......................................................................... 7  \n2.1 Data Types 7  \n2.2 Literals 7  \n2.3 Identifiers 7  \n2.4 Variable declarations 8  \n2.5 Constants 8  \n2.6 Assignments 9  \n3 Arrays ..........................................................................................................................10  \n3.1 Declaring arrays 10  \n3.2 Using arrays 10  \n4 User-defined data types ............................................................................................12  \n4.1 Defining user-defined data types 12  \n4.2 Using user-defined data types 14  \n5 Common operations ..................................................................................................15  \n5.1 Input and output 15  \n5.2 Arithmetic operations 15  \n5.3 Relational operations 16  \n5.4 Logic operators 16  \n5.5 String functions and operations 16  \n5.6 Numeric functions 17  \n6 Selection .....................................................................................................................18  \n6.1 IF statements 18  \n6.2 CASE statements 19  \n[www.cambridgeinternational.org/alevel](www.cambridgeinternational.org/alevel) 3  \n7 Iteration (repetition) .................................................................................................. 20  \n7.1 Count-controlled (FOR) loops 20  \n7.2 Post-condition (REPEAT) loops 20  \n7.3 Pre-condition (WHILE) loops 21  \n8 Procedures and functions ........................................................................................ 22  \n8.1 Defining and calling procedures 22  \n8.2 Defining and calling functions 23  \n8.3 Passing parameters by value or by reference 24  \n9 File handling .............................................................................................................. 25  \n9.1 Handling text files 25  \n9.2 Handling random files 26  \n10 Object-oriented Programming ............................................................................. 28  \n10.1 Methods and Properties 28  \n10.2 Constructors and Inheritance 28  \nIndex of symbols and keywords .................................................................................. 30  \n[www.cambridgeinternational.org/alevel](www.cambridgeinternational.org/alevel) 4  \nCambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science 9618 Pseudocode Guide for Teachers for 2027, 2028 and 2029.  \n1 Pseudocode in examined components   \nThe following information sets out how pseudocode will appear within the examined components and is  \nprovided to allow you to give learners familiarity before the exam.  \n1.1 Font style and size  \nPseudocode is presented in a monospaced (fixed-width) font such as Courier New. The size of the font will be consistent throughout.  \n1.2 Indentation  \nLines are indented (usually by three spaces) ","cbCaigqVJ9CbCerM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigqVJ9CbCerM","pdf",704531,31,"English","# Pseudocode in examined components\n## Font style and size\n## Indentation\n## Case\n## Lines and line numbering\n## Comments\n# Variables, constants and data types\n## Data Types\n## Literals\n## Identifiers\n## Variable declarations\n## Constants\n## Assignments\n# Arrays\n## Declaring arrays\n## Using arrays\n# User-defined data types\n## Defining user-defined data types\n## Using user-defined data types\n# Common operations\n## Input and output\n## Arithmetic operations\n## Relational operations\n## Logic operators\n## String functions and operations\n## Numeric functions\n# Selection\n## IF statements\n## CASE statements\n# Iteration (repetition)\n## Count-controlled (FOR) loops\n## Post-condition (REPEAT) loops\n## Pre-condition (WHILE) loops\n# Procedures and functions\n## Defining and calling procedures\n## Defining and calling functions\n## Passing parameters by value or by reference\n# File handling\n## Handling text files\n## Handling random files\n# Object-oriented Programming\n## Methods and Properties\n## Constructors and Inheritance\n## Index of symbols and keywords","[{\"question\":\"How should keywords and identifiers be written in the pseudocode?\",\"answer\":\"Keywords must be in upper-case (e.g., IF, REPEAT, PROCEDURE). Identifiers should use mixed case such as camelCase or Pascal case, with capital letters indicating new words (e.g., NumberOfPlayers).\"},{\"question\":\"What syntax is used for comments in the pseudocode?\",\"answer\":\"Comments start with two forward slashes (//) and continue to the end of the line. For multi-line comments, each line begins with //.\"},{\"question\":\"How are meta-variables represented in the pseudocode guide?\",\"answer\":\"Meta-variables are enclosed in angled brackets \\u003c \\u003e and should be substituted by other symbols, as used in Backus-Naur Form.\"}]","Pseudocode Guide for Teachers - Cambridge International AS & A Level Computer Science 9618 - Version 1 - Use for exams in 2027, 2028 and 2029 | PDF",78]