[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-602242-105":59,"doc-detail-602242-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","providing-long-term-sustainability-to-capital-outlay-funding-in-kansas-article","Providing Long-term Sustainability to Capital Outlay Funding in Kansas - Article","","Examines long-standing challenges in Kansas public school capital outlay funding, focusing on deferred maintenance, aging facilities, and constraints on local revenue generation. Discusses the magnitude of facilities commissioned statewide, the mismatch between building lifespan and current average age, and the implications of a backlog estimated at $1.79 billion more than two decades ago. Analyzes how limited discretionary funds and statutory caps, plus the majority-vote requirement for bond referenda, create adversarial dynamics between voters and school boards, complicating sustainable investment.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/providing-long-term-sustainability-to-capital-outlay-funding-in-kansas-article/602242/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/providing-long-term-sustainability-to-capital-outlay-funding-in-kansas-article/602242.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"dawugda","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What major infrastructure concerns affect Kansas school districts according to the text?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The text highlights deferred maintenance becoming the norm and describes the backlog of deferred maintenance as an estimated $1.79 billion at the time of the cited longitudinal study.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do local funding limits influence the ability to address capital needs?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The article states that capital outlay resources are constrained by a tightly capped local discretionary fund under current statute, limiting revenue generation despite competing priorities.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why do bond referenda often create tension between patrons and school boards?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Because passing a bond referendum increases already burdensome property taxes, many voters find the proposed tax impact unpalatable, even when they understand the district’s building needs.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},602242,1792189119,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},3985747870947,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Educational Considerations  \n\n| Volume 49  Number 3 | Article 4 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 2024\u003Cbr>Providing Long-term Sustainability to Capital Outlay Funding in Kansas\u003Cbr>Kellen James Adams\u003Cbr>Kansas State University, [kadams@ksu.edu](kadams@ksu.edu)\u003Cbr>Follow this and additional works at: [https://newprairiepress.org/edconsiderations](https://newprairiepress.org/edconsiderations)\u003Cbr> Part of the Education Economics Commons\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License. |  |\n\nRecommended Citation  \nAdams, Kellen James (2024) \"Providing Long-term Sustainability to Capital Outlay Funding in Kansas,\"Educational Considerations: Vol. 49: No. 3. [https://doi.org/10.4148/0146-9282.2391](https://doi.org/10.4148/0146-9282.2391)  \n[This Article is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in](This Article is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in)[ ](This Article is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in)[Educational Considerations by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. For more information](Educational Considerations by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. For more information), please [contact](contact cads@k-state.edu)[ cads@k-state.edu](contact cads@k-state.edu).  \nProviding Long-term Sustainability to Capital Outlay Funding in Kansas  \nCover Page Footnote  \nThank you to Dr. David Thompson for your time, energy, and advice as you continue to guide me in this new endeavor. Your reflective guidance has again proven to be very valuable.  \nThis article is available in Educational Considerations: [https://newprairiepress.org/edconsiderations/vol49/iss3/4](https://newprairiepress.org/edconsiderations/vol49/iss3/4)  \nProviding Long-Term Sustainability to Capital Outlay  \nFunding in Kansas  \nKellen J. Adams  \nIntroduction  \nAcross the midwestern state of Kansas, there are 286 public school districts spanning 105  \ncounties. These school districts represent the wide diversity that is present within the Sunflower  \nState, providing an education for approximately a half-million P-12 pupils each year. As of  \nFiscal Year 2023, a total of 1,547 buildings were commissioned to provide for the daily  \neducation of the pupils (Kansas State Department of Education, 2022a) . In that same fiscal year, the average Kansas school district had an enrollment of 1,625 (FTE) and a total of five operating buildings (Kansas State Department of Education, 2022b) . While the state certainly had outliers  \non both ends of the spectrum, these aforementioned numbers represent the reality of a mostly  \nrural makeup within the state. Further illustrating the brick-and-mortar reality within Kansas is  \nthe average current age of school buildings—now at 48 years—with a build year of  \napproximately 1975 (Kansas State Department of Education, 2022a) . By comparison, the  \ngenerally accepted lifespan of a K-12 educational building is 50 years (National Center for  \nEducation Statistics, 1999) .  \nCurrently, across the expanse of these 1,547 buildings within the state, there exists a genuine  \nconcern for patrons, employees, and ultimately pupils of those districts (i.e., a looming backlog  \nof deferred maintenance as the norm and, in some cases, a resigned reality) . The latest  \ncomprehensive longitudinal study (Thompson and Crampton, 2003) was carried out more than  \n20 years ago and revealed just how dire the situation was even at the time-an estimated $1.79  \nbillion in total deferred maintenance. While no new comprehensive study has priced current  \nKansas conditions, it is nearly certain that the intervening years did not fully redress those  \ndeficits despite the existence of formula aid to school infrastructure. Quite oppositely, the  \ncommon belief among P-12 professionals is that the capital infrastructure needs","cbCaihC03NQZZ1gO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihC03NQZZ1gO","pdf",266977,14,"English","# Introduction\n## Kansas school facilities and deferred maintenance context\n## Revenue constraints and discretionary funding limits\n## Bond referendum voting requirements and stakeholder tensions","[{\"question\":\"What major infrastructure concerns affect Kansas school districts according to the text?\",\"answer\":\"The text highlights deferred maintenance becoming the norm and describes the backlog of deferred maintenance as an estimated $1.79 billion at the time of the cited longitudinal study.\"},{\"question\":\"How do local funding limits influence the ability to address capital needs?\",\"answer\":\"The article states that capital outlay resources are constrained by a tightly capped local discretionary fund under current statute, limiting revenue generation despite competing priorities.\"},{\"question\":\"Why do bond referenda often create tension between patrons and school boards?\",\"answer\":\"Because passing a bond referendum increases already burdensome property taxes, many voters find the proposed tax impact unpalatable, even when they understand the district’s building needs.\"}]","Providing Long-term Sustainability to Capital Outlay Funding in Kansas - Article | PDF",1792094319,35]