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Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and multiple myeloma (MM) are uncommon hematologic cancers with distinct lineages, and their coexistence is rare, with only limited cases previously reported. Case presentation: An 85-year-old Iranian man had synchronous prostate cancer and CML, later compatible with MM after 61 months of TKI therapy. Conclusion: Evaluate multiple primary cancers during treatment follow-up and monitor serum electrophoresis and protein levels in TKI-treated patients.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/prostate-cancer-chronic-myelogenous-leukemia-and-multiple-myeloma-in-a-single-patient-a-case-report-and-review-of-the-literature/377552/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/prostate-cancer-chronic-myelogenous-leukemia-and-multiple-myeloma-in-a-single-patient-a-case-report-and-review-of-the-literature/377552.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"LangkahRina","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What clinical scenario does the case report describe?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It reports an 85-year-old man who had synchronous prostate cancer and chronic myelogenous leukemia, and whose subsequent findings became compatible with multiple myeloma during follow-up.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was CML evaluated during treatment?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"CML became undetectable in molecular tests after 61 months of tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment, despite other findings consistent with MM.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What follow-up monitoring is recommended in the paper?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The conclusion highlights evaluating the possibility of multiple primary cancers during treatment and follow-up, and monitoring serum electrophoresis and protein levels in TKI-treated patients.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},377552,1790470188,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},962090893776,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Allahyari et al.  \nJournal of Medical Case Reports (2023) 17:35 [https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-023-03753-z](https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-023-03753-z)  \nJournal of Medical Case Reports  \n CASE REPORT Open Access  \nProstate cancer, chronic myelogenous leukemia and multiple myeloma in a single patient: a case report and review  \nof the literature  \nAbolghasem Allahyari1, Amirhosein Maharati2* , Amir Masoud Jafari‑Nozad3 and Alireza zangooie3,4  \nAbstract  \nBackground Synchronous or metachronous multiple primary malignancies (MPMs) are a known phenomenon. These occurrences may be spontaneous or related to environmental risk factors or genetic predisposition. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and Multiple myeloma (MM) are two uncommon hematologic malignancies, arises from two different cell lineage. The coexistence of CML and MM that is a rare phenomenon, with only 29 cases reported in the literature. To the best of our, this combination of triple primary cancers has not been reported in a single patient.  \nCase presentation Herein, we reported a case of an 85‑year‑old Iranian male with three confirmed primary malig‑ nant neoplasms. The patient presented with synchronous prostate cancer and CML, in august 2016. He receivedimatinib and nilotinib for CML and hormonal therapy for prostate cancer. He remained in good control at further follow‑ups for about 5 years. In the follow‑up period and after 61 months treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), CML was undetectable in molecular tests, but the presence of serum M‑protein, abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow, and CRAB criteria was compatible with MM.  \nConclusion We must evaluate the possibility of multiple primary cancers during cancer treatment and follow‑up and it may be worthwhile to monitor serum electrophoresis and protein levels inTKIs‑treated patients.  \nKeywords Triple primary cancer, Prostate cancer, Chronic myelogenous leukemia, Multiple myeloma, Case report  \n*Correspondence: Amirhosein Maharati [Maharatiah971@mums.ac.ir](Maharatiah971@mums.ac.ir)  \n1 Department of Hematology‑Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran  \n2 Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran  \n3 Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran  \n4 Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran  \nIntroduction  \nMultiple primary malignancies (MPMs) are defined asthe presence of more than one cancer in the same individual with different histology and site [1]. Billroth first described MPMs in 1889, and Warren and Gates later defined them as the occurrence of at least two distinct primary tumors in the same patient [2, 3]. Multiple primary synchronous or metachronous cancers incidence has been reported to range from 0.73 to 11.7% in the literature [4]. Although the precise mechanism of MPMPs development is not clear, previous cancer therapy, smoking, and genetic abnormalities have all been identified as potential risk factors [5]. Developments in tumor  \n© The Author(s) 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](http://creativec","cbCaifyngqici6zk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifyngqici6zk","pdf",1223411,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Case report\n## Presentation and diagnostic workup\n## Prostate cancer findings\n# Conclusion and implications","[{\"question\":\"What clinical scenario does the case report describe?\",\"answer\":\"It reports an 85-year-old man who had synchronous prostate cancer and chronic myelogenous leukemia, and whose subsequent findings became compatible with multiple myeloma during follow-up.\"},{\"question\":\"How was CML evaluated during treatment?\",\"answer\":\"CML became undetectable in molecular tests after 61 months of tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment, despite other findings consistent with MM.\"},{\"question\":\"What follow-up monitoring is recommended in the paper?\",\"answer\":\"The conclusion highlights evaluating the possibility of multiple primary cancers during treatment and follow-up, and monitoring serum electrophoresis and protein levels in TKI-treated patients.\"}]","Prostate cancer, chronic myelogenous leukemia and multiple myeloma in a single patient - a case report and review of the literature | PDF",1790225934,15]