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However, they can alsobe used for simpler projects such as ‘Design and Make’ projects found in theTechnology room.  \nProject management is different to the ‘Design Process’ that you are already familiarwith. It is different because it focuses on the planning of activities and themanagement of resources and not on the design aspect of the project. It is important toknow that the project management tools described here are not meant to replace thedesign process. Instead, they are used alongside it as an aid to the smooth running ofthe project from design through to manufacture and testing.  \nThe aspects of project management that are of most interest to us here are thoseconcerned with project planning.  \nBefore looking at the project planning tools, it is helpful to look at what makes aproject different from other tasks you may have met in the classroom.  \nAll projects have a number of things in common. These are:  \n1. A project has a specific deliverable item when complete  \n2. This project is aimed at meeting a specific need or purpose. I.e. the projectbrief.  \n3. There is usually a specific due date for completion of the project.  \n4. The project can be broken down into a number of tasks that need to becompleted in order to complete the project.  \nIf a project is broken down into a number of tasks, then a plan can be made forcarrying these out. A good project plan will allow for any delays and problems thatmight occur and will make sure that all the tasks are carried out in the correct order,without missing or duplicating any of them.  \n## The project plan:\n\nA project plan can be as simple as a list of tasks that need to be carried out or it can bemore complex depending on how project itself is.  \nThe first stage of planning a project is to define the objectives or goals of the project.You would usually do this during the ’analysis of the brief’ stage of the designprocess, or for simpler projects, the tasks can be found from examining the drawingsyou may have been given. Once you have determined what the primary tasks are, theycan usually be broken down again into sub-tasks.  \nExample 1:  \nFor the letter rack project shown, make a list of the tasks that need to be carried out inorder to complete it.  \n\n| Item   | Step   | Task Type   |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Holder   | Primary Task   |  |\n| Mark Out   | Sub Task   |  |\n| Drill holes   | Sub Task   |  |\n| File slots   | Sub Task   |  |\n| Bend   | Sub Task   |  |\n| Base   | Primary Task   |  |\n| Mark out   | Sub Task   |  |\n| Bend   | Sub Task   |  |\n| Assembly   | Primary Task   |  |\n| Spot holes on base   | Sub Task   |  |\n| Drill & Tap   | Sub Task   |  |\n| Assemble   | Sub Task   |  |\n\nThis type of analysis is known as a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) . The WBS canbe drawn as a chart that shows the primary tasks associated with the project and thenthe sub tasks that form them. We can draw a diagram for this example as follows:  \nWork Breakdown Structure (WBS) for the Letter Rack.  \nAnother Example:  \nDraw up a Work Breakdown Structure for the erection of a garden shed. The shed willcome prefabricated but will need to be assembled when it arrives. A foundation willneed to be prepared for it beforehand.  \n# Work Breakdown Structure for the Erection of a Garden Shed\n\n\n| \u003Cbr>Garden Shed  \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>PrepareFoundation  \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Buy Blocksand Cement  \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Place order forshed  \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>AssembleShed when itarrives  \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>|\n| --- |\n| Gantt Charts – a preview  \u003Cbr>For simple projects like this one, the activities can be arranged along a timeline usinga Gantt chart to show the timing for each of the tasks. A Gantt chart is simply ahorizontal bar chart showing the start and finish time of the tasks. It is a usef","cbCaicirKJQR9RfK","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicirKJQR9RfK","pdf",1113623,34,"English","# Project Management\n## Introduction\n## The project plan:\n# Work Breakdown Structure for the Erection of a Garden Shed\n# Network Diagrams and the Critical Path","[{\"question\":\"How do Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and Gantt charts help planning?\",\"answer\":\"A WBS breaks the project into primary tasks and sub-tasks, showing relationships in a structured chart or diagram. A Gantt chart arranges activities along a timeline and shows start and finish times to support scheduling decisions like preparing foundations just in time.\"}]","Project Management - Student Workbook | PDF",1792976650,86]