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They are often justified as a means to increase teacher quality and thereby improve student outcomes, while also addressing deficits in education. This article examines the international and Australian forces shaping professional standards and proposes how initial teacher education programs can support effective implementation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/professional-teaching-standards-a-comparative-analysis-of-their-history-implementation-and-efficacy-professional-journal-article/593803/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/professional-teaching-standards-a-comparative-analysis-of-their-history-implementation-and-efficacy-professional-journal-article/593803.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"4398046744996","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What historical origins does the article trace for professional teaching standards?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It traces professional teaching standards to the 1946 formation of the National Commission on Teacher Education and Professional Standards in the US, aiming to upgrade teaching’s status as a profession.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What critiques does the article discuss regarding professional standards?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It notes concerns about limited empirical evidence that standards improve teaching quality, and warns that standards framed mainly as technical knowledge and skills may crowd out the emotional and caring dimensions of teaching.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the article suggest initial teacher education programs can help?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It identifies ways that initial teacher education programs can support the successful implementation of professional standards, considering both international and Australian contexts.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},593803,1792209499,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":66,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},4398046744996,"Australian Journal of Teacher Education  \n\n| Volume 43 | Issue 3 | Article 6 |\n| --- | --- |\n\n2018  \nProfessional Teaching Standards: A Comparative Analysis of Their History, Implementation and Efficacy  \nKairen Call  \nUniversity of the Sunshine Coast, [kcall@usc.edu.au](kcall@usc.edu.au)  \nRecommended Citation  \nCall, K. (2018). Professional Teaching Standards: A Comparative Analysis of Their History, Implementation and Efficacy. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 43 (3).  \nRetrieved from [http://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte/vol43/iss3/6](http://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte/vol43/iss3/6)  \nThis Journal Article is posted at Research Online.  \n[http://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte/vol43/iss3/6](http://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte/vol43/iss3/6)  \nAustralian Journal of Teacher Education  \nProfessional Teaching Standards: A Comparative Analysis of their History,  \nImplementation and Efficacy.  \nKairen Call  \nUniversity of the Sunshine Coast.  \nAbstract: Since the publication of results from the first iteration of  \ntesting within the Programme for International Student Assessment  \n(PISA) and the ensuing media consternation and political rhetoric  \nabout teacher quality in education systems around the world,  \nprofessional standards for teachers have been considered, developed and implemented globally in various forms. Justified by the argument that they raise teacher quality which in turn raises student outcomes,  \nprofessional standards for teachers are being considered as an  \nintegral part of the solution to current deficits in education. This  \narticle explores the forces driving and restraining professional  \nstandards for teachers within international and Australian contexts  \nand identifies ways in which initial teacher education programs can  \nsupport their successful implementation.  \nIntroduction  \nProfessional standards for teachers can be traced back to the 1946 formation of the National Commission on Teacher Education and Professional Standards in the US. Their primary objective was to “…upgrade the status of teaching to a profession”(Cochran-Smith & Zeichner, 2009, p.74) . This body might well have begun the Professional Standards Movement within education, but it appears that some 70 years later there is still debate over the place of professional standards for teachers. Discussions range from questioning their necessity, to debating their content and formats, all of which are often underpinned by questions of how they should, might or will be used by those within and outside the profession. Hudson (2009) and Tuinamuana (2011) identify that there is lack of empirical evidence to demonstrate that professional standards will in fact raise the quality of teaching. Whilst conversely, professional standards have been considered by some as a way of providing learning and quality assurance in teaching (Tang, Cheng & So, 2006) . However, Darling Hammond (1998) expressed that standards are not a magic bullet to solving educational issues and Hargreaves (2000) warns that:  \n…defining professional standards in high-status, scientific and technical ways as standards of knowledge and skill, can downgrade, neglect or crowd out the  \nequally important emotional dimensions of teachers’ work in terms of being passionate about teaching, and caring for students’ learning and lives. (p. 152)  \nRegardless of the sentiment, professional standards for teachers are being considered, developed and implemented globally in various forms and they are often justified by the argument that they raise the quality of teaching and that in turn raises student outcomes (Danielson & McGreal, 2000: Darling-Hammond, 2001) . This article analytically and critically explores the current literature in this area, with a particular focus on the Australian context.  \nVol 43, 3, March 2018 93  \nAustralian Journal of Teacher Education  \nThe first section of this article will discuss the connections between high quality teaching, international testing and professional standards for teachers. The ","cbCaisiXEwV4SQ8S","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisiXEwV4SQ8S","pdf",360758,17,"English","# Introduction\n## High Quality Teaching\n# Professional Teaching Standards: History, Implementation and Efficacy","[{\"question\":\"What historical origins does the article trace for professional teaching standards?\",\"answer\":\"It traces professional teaching standards to the 1946 formation of the National Commission on Teacher Education and Professional Standards in the US, aiming to upgrade teaching’s status as a profession.\"},{\"question\":\"What critiques does the article discuss regarding professional standards?\",\"answer\":\"It notes concerns about limited empirical evidence that standards improve teaching quality, and warns that standards framed mainly as technical knowledge and skills may crowd out the emotional and caring dimensions of teaching.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the article suggest initial teacher education programs can help?\",\"answer\":\"It identifies ways that initial teacher education programs can support the successful implementation of professional standards, considering both international and Australian contexts.\"}]","Professional Teaching Standards: A Comparative Analysis of Their History, Implementation and Efficacy - Professional Journal Article | PDF",1792077946,43]